Global Journal of Medical research: F Diseases Volume 14 Issue 3 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4618 & Print ISSN: 0975-5888 Crossectional Survey; Assessment Of Diarrheal Disease Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Children Under Five In Enemay District, Northwest Ethiopia By Abebaw Ayele, Worku Awoke & Molalign Tarekegn Bahir Dar University, United States Abstract- Background: Millions of children are still dying as a result of the preventable diarrheal disease than AIDS, malaria, and measles combined. Objective: To determine the prevalence of diarrheal disease and associated factors among under 5 children in Enemay rural district, East Gojjam zone. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted on a sample size of 634.A multistage sampling technique in which seven from 34 kebeles were selected by simple random sampling and then proportional samples were drawn through systematic random sampling technique using the list of households who have children under five. The dependent variable was measured interms of the occurrence of loose/watery diarrhea for at least three times per day in the last two weeks before the survey. Data was collected through pretested structured questionnaire, and observation cheek list. It was collected by trained data collectors with the support of trained supervisors. Keywords: diarrhea, two week prevalence, ethiopia. GJMR-F Classification : FOR Code: WK 550, WI 407 CrossectionalSurveyAssessmentOfDiarrhealDiseasePrevalenceandAssociatedFactorsAmongChildrenUnderFiveInEnemayDistrictNorthwestEthiopia Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2014. Abebaw Ayele, Worku Awoke & Molalign Tarekegn. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction inany medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Crossectional Survey; Assessment Of Diarrheal Disease Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Children Under Five In Enemay District, Northwest Ethiopia bebaw Ayele α Worku Awoke σ Molalign Tarekegn ρ A , & 2014 Abstract- Background: Millions of children are still dying as a result of the preventable diarrheal disease than AIDS, malaria, I. Introduction Year and measles combined. espite there is a decline in the trend, millions of 17 Objective: To determine the prevalence of diarrheal disease children under five are still dying as a result of the and associated factors among under 5 children in Enemay preventable diarrheal disease characterized by rural district, East Gojjam zone. D the passage of loose or watery stool for three or more Methods: Community based cross sectional study was times during a 24-hour’s period (Gerald T. Keusch, et conducted on a sample size of 634.A multistage sampling technique in which seven from 34 kebeles were selected by al., 2001). It is responsible for 17 % of all deaths (about simple random sampling and then proportional samples were 2.5 million deaths each year) among children under-five drawn through systematic random sampling technique using years in the world which is higher than AIDS, malaria, the list of households who have children under five. The and measles combined (UNICEF/WHO, 2009). dependent variable was measured interms of the occurrence The majority (42%) of this death is concentrated of loose/watery diarrhea for at least three times per day in the in the Sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia last two weeks before the survey. Data was collected through (88 per 1,000 live births) where hygiene and sanitation is pretested structured questionnaire, and observation cheek list. poor (Bryce J, et al., 2005 and Central Statistical Agency It was collected by trained data collectors with the support of [Ethiopia] and ICF International, 2011). Recent national trained supervisors. Data were coded, cleaned and entered into SPSS version 16 for univariate, bivariate and multivariate estimates indicate that, the two week period prevalence Volume XIV Issue III Version I is approximately 13% (Central Statistical Agency ) D D analysis. Odd ratio with the corresponding 95% CI was used to DD F measure the degree of association. [Ethiopia] and ICF International, 2011). Moreover, local ( Result: The two-week prevalence of diarrhea among under - studies reported a prevalence rate of 31% in southern five children was 18.6 %. It was highly associated with Ethiopia, 22.5% in Eastern part of Ethiopia and 18% to educational status (AOR, 2.49; 95% CI (1.28,4.83))and 24.9 % in Northwest Ethiopia (Muluken D, et al., (2011), occupation of mother (AOR, 1.78; 95%; CI 1.05,3.00); Shikur M, et al.,2013, Bezatu M et al.,2013, Amare D, et availability of proper waste disposal system in the household al 2007). (AOR, 2.27;95% CI (1.40-3.68)), Measles vaccination status Though these few reports were available, further (AOR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.10-0.37) and vitamin A evidence is required in different regions of the country Research Medical supplementation for children under 5 years ( AOR, 3.98; 95% where up to date information were not available to CI (2.42,6.53)) . monitor the progress for the efforts done to achieve the Conclusion: In order to reduce the magnitude of the disease, millennium development goals. This study will help as efforts need to focus on giving health education for mothers, an input for decision-makers in the health department to the community to prepare proper liquid waste disposal system and strengthenin g vitamin A supplementation for children prioritize interventions that are required to overcome the progression of the problem. under 5. K eywords: diarrhea, two week prevalence, ethiopia. Global Journal of II. Methods a) Study design and period A community based cross sectional study was conducted among children less than 5 years of age in A uthor α: GAMBY College of Medical Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Enemay district. It is one of the 18 districts of east e-mail: [email protected] Gojjam zone, Amhara regional state located at 87 Kms Author σ: Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. e-mail: [email protected] away from Debre Markos town. In this districts there are Author ρ: GAMBY College of Medical Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. 34 kebeles, 7 health centers and 35 health posts are e-mail: [email protected] available to provide health service to the community. ©2014 Global Journals Inc. (US) Crossectional Survey; Assessment Of Diarrheal Disease Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Children Under Five In Enemay District, Northwest Ethiopia b) Sample size determination collection was undertaken. The Collected data were The sample size was determined using single checked for errors and cleaned on daily basis. Finally it population proportion formula. The assumptions were Z was coded, analyzed using SPSS version 16. Unvariate, critical for an alpha value of 0.05, Margin of error of 0.05, bivariate and multivariate analysis was done. Results previous prevalence of 0.5, design effect of 1.5 and a were presented using tables and figures. OR with non response rate of 10%. With the above assumptions corresponding 95% CI were used to determine the final sample size came up with 634. relationships between selected predictor variables and diarrheal disease. c) Sampling Method and procedure To select the sample First 7 kebeles were f) Operational definition selected from 34 kebeles by simple random sampling Hand-washing at critical times: Hand washing before technique; and then proportional allocation to and after cooking foods, after the latrine use. population in each kebele was made to allocate the Proper hand washing: Hand washing with soap or ash samples that were drown from the kebeles. Finally 2014 at critical times. using the list of household in the kebele the samples Kebele: The lowest government administrative hierarchy. Year were drown every escape interval (K). In cases where 18 there was more than one child in a household, one child g) Ethical Considerations was selected using lottery method. Ethical clearance was obtained from the research and ethical review committee of GAMBY d) Variables College of medical sciences. The health department at The study variables were selected after review regional, zonal and districts level was communicated of related literatures in the context of the study area. The legally for its permission and each of the interviewers outcome variable of this study was diarrheal disease were requested verbal consent before the interviewee. and it was measured interms of the occurrence of loose/ watery diarrhea at least three times per day for the last III. Result two weeks. a) Socio demographic and economic Characteristics e) Data Collection and Analysis A total of 634 households were included in this Structured questionnaires and observation study with response rate of 100%.From the attendants of checklist were prepared in English and translated to mothers, 579 (91.3) were married, illiterate 522(82.3), local language. Individuals with better experience has Orthodox by religion 579(91.3) and farmers by their Volume XIV Issue III Version I assigned as data collector and supervisor. Training was occupational status 502 (79.2). The mean age of the ) given on how to maintain the quality of data, ethical child was 2.26 (± 1.123). F ( issues and the like.