Study on open source software governance at the European Commission and selected other European institutions FINAL VERSION OF THE REPORT A study prepared for the European Commission Directorate-General for Informatics by: This study was carried out for the European Commission by KPMG Italy. Disclaimer The information and views set out in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this document. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. © European Union 2020 Study on open source software governance at the European Commission and selected other European Institutions Page 2 Table of Contents ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................... 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ 7 1. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE USE WORLDWIDE ...................................................................................................... 9 1.1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 1.2. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE POLICIES/INITIATIVES WORLDWIDE ........................................................................................ 10 1.2.1. EU public services policies .......................................................................................................................... 10 United Kingdom ........................................................................................................................................................................10 France .......................................................................................................................................................................................12 Italy ...........................................................................................................................................................................................15 Spain .........................................................................................................................................................................................16 Germany ...................................................................................................................................................................................18 The Netherlands ........................................................................................................................................................................20 Denmark ...................................................................................................................................................................................20 Sweden .....................................................................................................................................................................................21 Malta .........................................................................................................................................................................................22 Greece .......................................................................................................................................................................................23 1.2.2. Public services policies in the rest of the world .......................................................................................... 25 Switzerland ...............................................................................................................................................................................25 United States of America ..........................................................................................................................................................25 Brazil .........................................................................................................................................................................................26 Malaysia ....................................................................................................................................................................................28 Australia ....................................................................................................................................................................................28 India ..........................................................................................................................................................................................29 South Africa ...............................................................................................................................................................................30 1.2.3. Other Organisations ................................................................................................................................... 31 Google .......................................................................................................................................................................................31 1.3. FINDINGS FROM WORLDWIDE OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE RESEARCH ................................................................................. 32 1.3.1. Strengths .................................................................................................................................................... 32 1.3.2. Weaknesses ................................................................................................................................................ 33 1.3.3. Further Interesting Recent Developments .................................................................................................. 34 1.3.4. Successful open source software adoption approaches ............................................................................. 35 1.4. ANALYSIS OF OPEN SOURCE USAGE STATUS IN SELECTED ORGANISATIONS ......................................................................... 36 1.4.1. Focus panel of organisations: selection criteria and pertinent considerations .......................................... 37 1.4.2. Justification for the selection of the six organisations proposed for the analysis ...................................... 38 1.4.3. Organisation factsheets ............................................................................................................................. 40 Factsheet – UK Government .....................................................................................................................................................40 Study on open source software governance at the European Commission and selected other European Institutions Page 3 Factsheet – French Government ...............................................................................................................................................43 Factsheet – Italian Government ................................................................................................................................................47 Factsheet – Municipality of Athens ...........................................................................................................................................50 Factsheet – US Government .....................................................................................................................................................53 Factsheet – Google ...................................................................................................................................................................57 1.5. FINDINGS FROM ORGANISATION ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................. 61 2. REVIEW OF THE CURRENT OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE STRATEGY (2014-2017) ....................................................64 2.1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 64 2.2. REVIEW OF THE EC ‘OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE STRATEGY 2014-2017’ AND SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION ......................... 64 2.3. UPDATE ON EC OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE MATURITY INDEX ........................................................................................... 67 2.3.1. Methodology and scope of the Index ......................................................................................................... 67 2.3.2. Calculating the EC Open Source Software Adoption Maturity Index .......................................................... 68 2.3.3. Analysis of maturity per category .............................................................................................................. 69 2.3.3.1. Desktops ...............................................................................................................................................................69 2.3.3.2. Servers..................................................................................................................................................................70