Ancient Greece - Oak Class Year 5/6 The big question: What legacy did the Greeks leave behind? Key vocabulary acropolis A fortified citadel within a larger city. It is usually located on top of a hill and at the centre of the city democracy A system of government where eligible people elect representatives oligarchy A system of government where a small group of people control every- thing Mount Olympus The highest mountain in Greece and the mythological home of the Greek Gods, primarily, 12 Olympian Gods The Parthenon Temple dedicated to Athena located on the Athenian acropolis Greece today (in green) Ancient Greece 500BC (in orange) Athens and Sparta were probably the two most famous and powerful city states in Ancient city state A city that had its own government and rules the area around it eg. Greece. They were both very different. Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Delphi and Thebes polytheistic A religious system where people believe in or worship more that one God Titans An older generation of gods including Cronus and Rhea who were the children of earlier gods and parents to the Olympian Gods (who later overthrew them) Olympics Sporting event and sacrifice held every four years in honour of Zeus conqueror People who have taken complete control of that country or group's land philosopher Someone who thinks deeply and seriously about life and other basic matters In the last battle of the Trojan war, the Greeks decided At the Battle of Marathon, the Persian army lost over to leave a gift for the Trojans; a large wooden horse. 6,000 soldiers compared to only 192 Athenians. agora A central public spacein ancient Greek city-states , used When the Trojans saw the horse they thought it was a for popular meetings and later used as market places gift and a sign that the Greeks had given up. They saw Pheidippides then ran 26 miles to Athens to tell them the Greeks sailing away and so they dragged the enor- of their victory . He shouted out: ‘Joy to you, we’ve civilisation A human society with its own social organisation and culture mous horse into their city. won!’ As he said these words he died. KEY KNOWLEDGE Daily life Ancient Greek Gods Most houses in Ancient Zeus was the king of the Greek gods, who lived on Hades (brother of Zeus and Poseidon) was the the Mount Olympus. He was also the god of the sky God of the Dead and The Underworld. He was Greek towns were built and the god of thunder. He was married to the normally depicted as having a pitchfork and his from stone or clay. goddess Hera and his symbol was the lightning three-headed dog, Cerberus. The Underworld was bolt. His two brothers were Hades and Poseidon. where dead people went in Greek Mythology. The Ancient Greeks grew Poseidon (brother of Zeus and Hades) was the As the wife of Zeus, Hera was considered as the olives, grapes, figs and God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses. Along queen of Mount Olympus. She was most often wheat and kept goats, for with his brothers, he was one of the three most considered to be the goddess of women, marriage milk and cheese. They ate powerful gods. and childbirth. lots of bread, beans and Apollo was the Greek God of music, poetry, light, Aphrodite was the Greek God of love and beau- olives. prophecy and medicine. He was often pictured as a ty. She was famous for being the most beautiful of The main item of clothing handsome athletic youth with curly hair. It was all of the Goddesses. It was said that Aphrodite for men was a tunic. They believed that he could see into the future, and heal had a belt, which made people fall in love with the people. wearer. were big squares of cloth, held in place by pins at the Hermes was a messenger of the Gods, God of Ares, God of war, or more properly, the spirit of trade and travelers. Son of Zeus. battle. Son of Zeus. shoulders and a belt round the waist. They were made from wool in the winter or linen in the summer. Wom- Athena was the goddess of battle strategy, and Demeter, in Greek religion, daughter of the gods en also wore similar cloth- wisdom. ... She was always accompanied by her Cronus and Rhea, sister and consort of Zeus (the ing. Unlike the men’s the owl and the goddess of victory, Nike. Her father king of the gods), and goddess of agriculture. Her dresses always went down was Zeus. name indicates that she is a mother. to their ankles. Ancient Greece timeline 750 BC The scholar Homer 490 BC Persian invaders defeated 450 BC The powerful city of Athens 432 BC Parthenon is finished in Ath- 146 BC Greece is conquered by Rome writes ‘Odyssey & ‘The iliad’ by the Greeks in the battle of Marathon now controls an empire and become part of the Roman Empire 404 BC Sparta defeats Athens 480 BC Persian invaders defeated 472-410 BC Many famous Greek 431 – 404 BC Peloponnesian 776 BC The first Olympic 508 BC The first democracy 336-323 BC Alexander the great by the Greeks again in the plays are written and performed war games takes place begins in Athens battle of Salamis at the theatre in Athens conquers much of the known Archaic period (800 BCE—480BCE) Classical period (480 BCE—323BCE) Hellenistic period (323 BCE—146 BCE) .