PERSPECTIVES ON POLYGAMY IN DAVID EBERSHOFF'S THE 19th WIFE A THESIS BY DEBBY YOLANDA KETAREN REG.NO. : 140721028 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PERSPECTIVES ON POLYGAMY IN DAVID EBERSHOFF'S THE 19th WIFE A THESIS BY DEBBY YOLANDA KETAREN REG.NO. : 140721028 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PERSPECTIVES ON POLYGAMY IN DAVID EBERSHOFF'S THE 19th WIFE A THESIS BY DEBBY YOLANDA KETAREN REG. NO. 140721028 SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum NIP. 19630216 198903 1 003 NIP. 19580517 198503 1 003 Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra From Department of English. DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The SarjanaSastra Examination. Head, Secretary, Dr. Deliana, M.Hum Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D NIP. 19571117198303 2 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on July25th 2017 Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S NIP.19600805 1987031 001 Board of Examiners Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D. ___________________ Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum ___________________ Dr. Martha Pardede, MS ___________________ UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, DEBBY YOLANDA KETAREN, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR A WARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : July 31, 2017 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME :DEBBY YOLANDA KETAREN TITLE OF THESIS : PERSPECTIVES ON POLYGAMY IN DAVID EBERSHOFF'S THE 19TH WIFE QUALIFICATION :S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT :ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date : July 31, 2017 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I thank the Lord for all of the blessings and mercy so I can accomplish this thesis. Thank you Lord! The first sincere gratitude is given tomy supervisor Drs. ParlindunganPurba, M.Hum and my co-supervisor Drs. SiamirMarulafau, M.Humfor their support, encouragement and give beneficial advices to finish this thesis. Mynext gratitude goes to Dr. Deliana, M.Hum, as the Head of English Department and Secretary of English DepartmentRahmadsyahRangkuti M.A, Ph.D And also to all my lecturers in English Department who have taught and gave me inspiration during this study. Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S as the dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara as well as the members of administration for their valuable help throughout the academic years. To my beloved Father, Alexander Ketaren S.H, thank you for your love, support and advices. You are my inspiration. To my dear Mother, Nurhafni Matondang, thank you for your encouragement. My very special thanks and gratitude to My husband Yohannes Simanjuntak, thank you for your love, patience, and support during my studies. Without your affection and support I would never be able to finish my bachelor's degree. Last but not least for my friends Yenny, Kidok and Angie I thank you guys for always accompanying me and for all the laughs and silliness we have done together , and the countless memories through all these years. Let's stay in touch! UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Medan, July 31st, 2017 The Writer DEBBY YOLANDA KETAREN Reg. No. 140721028 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Skripsi ini memberikan analisa dari poligami di Mormon di dalam novel karya David Ebershoff yang berjudul The 19th wife. The 19th wife adalah cerminan dari kisah nyata Ann Eliza Young, istri ke 19 sang nabi, Brigham Young. Penelitian ini berisi tiga rumusan masalah yang akan dianalisis. Yang pertama adalah "Bagaimana perspektif budaya tentang poligami di dalam novel?" dan masalah yang kedua adalah "Apa pandangan wanita terhadap poligami yang digambarkan di dalam novel?" dan masalah ketiga adalah "Apa pandangan pria terhadap poligami yang digambarkan di dalam novel?." Poligami bertentangan dengan teori feminisme, hal ini berdasarkan pada teori Nina Rosenstand seperti yang diterapkan dalam skripsi ini. Metode analisis data dalam skripsi ini lebih dikenal dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Ada dua macam sumber yang digunakan di dalam skripsi ini. Sumber utama diperoleh dari novel itu sendiri, The 19th Wife. Sumber kedua diperoleh dari buku-buku yang berkaitan dengan mormon dan poligami, dan sumber lainnya berasal dari internet. Hasil dari analisa ini menunjukkan bahwa poligami di dalam mormon adalah simbol dan tradisi, dan poligami memberikan banyak dampak negatif kepada wanita, anak- anak dan kehidupan pernikahan. Kata Kunci : Mormon, Poligami, Feminisme, Perspektif UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This thesis provides an analysis of Mormon polygamy in David Ebershoff's novel entitled The 19th Wife. The 19th Wife is a reflection of the true story of Ann Eliza Young, the 19th wife of the prophet, Brigham Young. This study contains three problems formulation to be analyzed. The first problem is "How is cultural perspective on Polygamy in The 19th Wife Novel?" and the second problem is "What is female perspectives on polygamy as portrayed in the novel?" and the third "What is male perspective on Polygamy as portrayed in the novel?." Polygamy is contradict to feminism theory, this is based on theory of Nina Rosenstand as applied in this thesis. The method of analyzing the data in this thesis is better known as descriptive qualitative method.There are two kinds of sources that are used in this thesis. The primary source is obtained from the novel itself, The 19th Wife. The secondary source is obtained from the books related to Mormon and polygamy, and other sources are from the internet. The result of this analysis shows that polygamy in Mormon is a symbol of faith and tradition, and polygamy gives many negative impacts to women, children and marriage life. Key Words : Mormon, Polygamy, Feminism, Perspective UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENT AUTHOR’S DECLARATION .................................................................... v COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ............................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... vii ABSTRAK .................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. x TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................... xi CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study ................................................ 1 1.2 Problem of The Study ...................................................... 6 1.3 Objective of The Study .................................................... 6 1.4 Scope of The Study .......................................................... 7 1.5 Significance of The Study ................................................ 7 CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Literature ......................................................................... 8 2.2 Novel ............................................................................... 10 2.3 Polygamy ........................................................................ 12 2.4 Mormonism ..................................................................... 15 2.4.1 Polygamy in Mormon .................................................. 20 2.4.2 Problem in Mormons Polygamy Practice .................... 22 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.5 Feminism ......................................................................... 23 2.5.1 Feminism and Polygamy .............................................. 25 CHAPTER III : METHOD OF RESEARCH 3.1 Data & Data Source ........................................................ 27 3.2 Data Collection & Data Analysis .................................... 28 3.3 Method of Collecting Data .............................................. 28 CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS AND FINDING 4.1 Cultural Perspective on Polygamy in The 19th Wife ........ 31 4.2 Female Perspectives on Polygamy in The 19th Wife ........ 34 4.2.1 Polygamy is Injustice and Brings Jealousy in Woman's Life ................................................................. 34 4.2.2 Polygamy Brings Disharmony in Marriage