201٢ ,٧ Al- Mustansiriyah J. Sci. Vol. 23, No Pictorial Key to Apterous Aphids Species (Homoptera: Aphididae, Aphidinae) Infested Grasses (Gramineae) from Several Provinces of Iraq Hayder B. Ali1 and Nassreen N. Mzhr٢ ١Baghdad University/College of science/Department of Biology 2Al-Mustansiriyah university / college of science/Department of Biology E mail: [email protected] Received 25/10/2011 – Accepted 28/4/2012 اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ اﻋﺘﻤﺪت ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻊ وﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻧﻮاع ﻣَﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﯿﻠﯿﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎت ﻋﺮاﻗﯿﺔ، ﺳﺠﻠﺖ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻦ ﺗﻌﻮد اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻮﯾﻠﺔ (Aphidinea ) اﻻﻧﻮاع ھﻲ: ,(Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy, 1762 Melanaphis donacis (Passerini, 1862), M. sacchari (Zehntner, 1897), Rh. Padi (Linnaeus, 1758), Schizaphis Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856) (graminum (Rondani, 1852 و .(Sitobion avenae (Fabricius ھﺬه اﻷﻧﻮاع ﺗﺼﯿﺐ أوراق اﻟﺤﻨﻄﺔ، اﻟﺸﻌﯿﺮ، اﻟﺬرة وﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻧﺠﯿﻠﯿﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق. ﺳﺠﻠﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻔﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻀﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ. ﻛﻤﺎ ﺻﻤﻢ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ وﻣﺼﻮر. ABSTRACT This study was based on the collection and determination of aphid species that infested Graminae in several provinces of Iraq. Seven aphid species belongs to Subfamily Aphidinae were recorded: Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy, 1762), Melanaphis donacis (Passerini, 1862), M. sacchari (Zehntner, 1897), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856), Rh. padi (Linnaeus, 1758), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani, 1852) and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius). Aphid species are known to colonize leaves of wheat, barley, corn, and other grains related to grasses in Iraq. A summary of taxonomic characters and usual hosts is given here for each species. Couplet key and pictorial plates have been designed here. Key words: Aphid key, Aphid on Graminae. INTRODUCTION Aphids (Hemiptera: Homoptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) are one of the most economically important groups of insects as agricultural pests and vectors of plant diseases. Slide mounted specimens need to be studied for making taxonomic identifications. Still, it is possible to identify the common species as well as the unusual ones based on external characters and photographs of various stages [1] [2].Small grains, including wheat, barley, corn, and other small grains are attacked throughout the growing season by numerous aphid species. Since economic threshold levels have been established for some, but not all aphid species found feeding on these crops [3]. In Iraq [4] recorded four aphid species infested grasses these species were Hyalopterus pruni, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rh. rufiabdominale (Sasaki, 1899), Schizaphis graminum, belongs to Subfamily Aphidinae, while [5] added the aphid species Aphis craccivora Koch that infested host plant Zea mays L. also he reported the aphid species Melanaphis sacchari. 57 Pictorial Key to Apterous Aphids Species (Homoptera: Aphididae, Aphidinae) Infested Grasses (Gramineae) from Several Provinces of Iraq Hayder and Nassreen Whereas [6],[7] and [8] added Melanaphis donacis and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) to the list of aphids infested graminae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aphid samples infested various Graminae hosts were collected from various locations of Iraqi provinces Baghdad, Babylon, Kerbala, Najaf, Erbil, Sulaimaniya, Dohok, Diyala and Mosul (Sinjar Mountain), over a period from February 2010 to May 2011. Aphids were collected from their host plants with a fine brush and put in to a tube which contained 70% alcohol. The collecting and preserving technique was based mainly on Eastop and Van Emden [9] method. The aphids were systematically classified from the catalog of [10] All measurements of the aphid are with millimeter (mm) table 1.The parameters measured are as in [2], except that body length (BL) is always measured to the base of the Cauda and does not include any projecting cauda.[1]. Aphid specimens were deposited in the collection of Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum / University of Baghdad / Baghdad / Iraq. Morphological Characters of Aphids Identification and Terminology:- Aphids are determined mainly on the basis of their morphological characters (Morphometric characters) To identify an aphid to Family, Tribe or even to genus, qualitative characters are mainly used, but at the species level the characters used are often quantitative [1],[2]. The qualitative features and quantitative of aphid morphological characters were mentioned below for each recorded aphid, used for determinations the species level. The following characters are useful for species determination: degree of sclerotization, nature of the cuticular surface, the number, size and shape of hairs or setae, the color of live aphids, body shape, length, particular characters of head, thorax abdomen, and their respective appendages. Table-1: Morphometric characters used in this text Abbreviations Characters ANT I - VI antennal segments I – VI ANT. VI b base of antennal segment VI ANT PT processus terminalis of antennal segment VI BD III basal diameter of antennal segment III BL body length FTC first tarsi chaetotaxy HT II second segment of hind tarsus URS ultimate rostral segment 58 201٢ ,٧ Al- Mustansiriyah J. Sci. Vol. 23, No RESULTS AND DUSCUSSION Seven aphid species were determined related to Subfamily Aphidinae, tribe: Aphidini Subtribe: Aphidina. The descriptions provided are for apterous viviparous females because they are found more frequently than any other morph, these species were: TRIBE Aphidini Latreille, 1802 Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy, 1762): (Mealy plum aphid) Live specimens: Colonies are found on the undersurface of the leaves of Phragmites sp.; infested leaves do not curl. Preserved specimens (based on 10 specimens): Table 2, Figure 1. Head smooth to slightly wrinkled, pale; antennal tubercles and somewhat median frontal tubercle weakly developed; antenna pale except darker at ANT VI, 0.74-0.7 times as long as body length; longest hair on ANT III with acute apex, 0.71-0.75 times as long as BD of ANT III, which it is without secondary rhinaria; ANT PT 3.32-3.37 times as long as ANT VI b; which 1.61-1.72 times as long as URS. Rostrum short almost reaches mid coxae; URS dark, short, broad, about 1.00- 1.05 times as long as basal width, 0.50-0.58 times as long as HT II and bearing two fine and long accessory hairs. Legs pale except dusky in tarsi, FTC 3, 3, 2. Abdominal dorsum pale with dusky anal plates. Siphunculi dusky to dark (at least distally), thin, short, cylindrical, narrow-based, 0.037-0.048 times as long as Body length and 0.4-0.48 times as long as cauda. Cauda dark, tongue-shaped, 0.096-0.105 times as long as Body length and bearing 5-6 long hairs. Schizaphis graminum (Rondani, 1852): (Greenbug or Wheat Aphid) Live specimens: small, rather elongate oval, Body length in apteros 1.32-1.75 mm, in alate 1.25-1.80 mm; with head and prothorax yellowish or greenish straw-coloured, rest of thorax and abdomen yellowish green with a darker spinal stripe. Siphunculi are pale but usually have darker apices.They colonize on upper surface of leaves of grasses such as Hordeum sp. and Zea mays L. Preserved specimens: (based on 18 specimens): Table 2, Figure 2. Head smooth to slightly wrinkled, pale; antennal tubercles and median frontal tubercle weakly developed; antenna pale, 0.73-0.77 times as long as body length; longest hair on ANT III minute, with acute apex, 0.5-0.6 times as long as BD of ANT III; ANT III without secondary rhinaria; ANT PT 3.40-3.55 times as long as ANT VI b and 1.33-1.45 times as long as ANT III; ANT VI b 1.14-1.44 times as long as URS. Rostrum short reaches up to mid coxae; URS dark, short, 0.76-0.82 59 Pictorial Key to Apterous Aphids Species (Homoptera: Aphididae, Aphidinae) Infested Grasses (Gramineae) from Several Provinces of Iraq Hayder and Nassreen times as long as HT II and bearing two fine and long accessory hairs. Legs pale except dusky in tarsi; FTC 3, 3, 2. Abdominal dorsum pale with dusky anal plates. Siphunculi pale sometime with dark apex, thin, cylindrical, 0.15-0.17 times as long as Body length and 1.53-1.75 times as long as cauda. Cauda pale, finger-shaped, with constriction at middle 0.088-0.100 times as long as Body length and bearing 4-5 long hairs. Figure -1: H. pruni . A) Whole body. B) processus terminalis C) Ultimate rostral segment. D) HT II. E) Siphunculi. F) Cauda 60 201٢ ,٧ Al- Mustansiriyah J. Sci. Vol. 23, No Figure -2: S. graminum A) Whole body. B) processus terminalis C) Ultimate rostral segment. D) HT II. E) Siphunculi. F) Cauda Melanaphis donacis (Passerini, 1862): Live specimens: small aphid, Body length in apterous 1.2-2.0 mm, alate 1.3-2.0 mm dark grey to blackish brown with white transverse bands marked out by wax, found in large colonies in the central of Phragmites sp. leaves. Preserved specimens: (based on 10 specimens): Table 2, Figure 3. Head smooth, dark, antennal and median frontal tubercles are moderately developed; antenna short, pale except dark ANT I and VI; 0.56-0.65 times as long as body length; longest hair on ANT III 0.75- 1.25 times as long as BD of ANT III and without secondary rhinaria; ANT PT 1.00-1.30 times as long as ANT VI b; which it is 1.60-2.15 times as long as URS. Rostrum short, reaches mid coxae; URS Short broad, sharply tapered, 0.60-0.65 times as long as HT II and bearing two long accessory hairs. Legs pale, except dark cxae and tarsi; FTC 3, 3, 2. Abdominal dorsum pale except dark sub genital and anal plate. Siphunculi dark, short, stump-shaped, broadest at base, with slightly swollen flange, 0.060-0.085 times as long as Body length and 0.66-0.73 times as long as cauda. Cauda dark, finger-shaped with parallel-sides, 0.09-0.12 times as long as Body length and bearing 15-18 long hairs M.