Special Publication 17 Carbon and Boundaries in Karst Edited by Daniel W. Fong David C. Culver George Veni Scott A. Engel Special Publication 17 Carbon and Boundaries in Karst Abstracts2013 of the conference held January 7 through 13, 2013, Carlsbad, New Mexico Edited by Daniel W. Fong David C. Culver George Veni Scott A. Engel Copyright © 2013 by the Karst Waters Institute, Inc. except where individual contributors to this volume retain copyright. All rights reserved with the exception of non-commercial photocopying for the purposes of scientific or educational advancement. Published by: Karst Waters Institute, Inc. P.O. Box 4142 Leesburg, Virginia 20177 http://www.karstwaters.org Please visit our web page for ordering information. The Karst Waters Institute is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) research and education organization incorporated in West Virginia. The mission of the Institute is to improve the fundamental understanding of karst water systems through sound scientific research and the education of professionals and the public. Library of Congress Control Number: ISBN Number 978-0-9789976-6-3 Recommended citation for this volume: Fong, D.W., Culver, D.C., Veni, G., Engel, S.A., 2013, Carbon and Boundaries in Karst. Abstracts of the conference held January 7- 13, 2013, Carlsbad, New Mexico. Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 17, Karst Waters Institute, Leesburg, Virginia. 54 p. Published electronically CONFERENCE ON CARBON AND BOUNDARIES IN KARST JANUARY 7-11, 2013 National Cave and Karst Research Institute 400-1 Cascades Ave, Carlsbad, New Mexico 88220 USA Tel: 00.1. 575.887.5518 HOSTED BY Karst Waters Institute and National Cave and Karst Research Institute CONFERENCE ORGANIZERS David C. Culver, Ph.D. Conference Chair George Veni, Ph.D. Executive Director, NCKRI, and Conference Co-Chair William K. Jones, Chairman of the Board, KWI Daniel W. Fong and Lewis Land Program Co-Chairs KARST WATERS INSTITUTE OFFICERS President Janet S. Herman, Ph.D. Executive Vice-President William B. White, Ph.D. Comptroller David C. Culver, Ph.D Secretary Ira D. Sasowsky, Ph.D Treasurer of the Board Harvey DuChene Vice-President for Communications Annette Summers Engel, Ph.D. Vice-President for Education Horton H. Hobbs, III, Ph.D. Vice-President for Research Carol Wicks, Ph.D. KARST WATERS INSTITUTE BOARD OF DIRECTORS Emily Davis Horton H. Hobbs, III, Ph.D. Ira D. Sasowsky, Ph.D. Daniel Doctor, Ph.D. William K. Jones (Chair) Benjamin Schwartz, Ph.D. Harvey R. DuChene Jon B. Martin, Ph.D. Steven Taylor, Ph.D. John W. Hess, Ph.D. Paul J. “PJ” Moore, Ph.D. Dorothy Vesper, Ph.D. (Vice-Chair) John E. Mylroie, Ph.D. William B. White, Ph.D. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface..............................................................................................................................................................................................vii Chemotrophy Meets Heterotrophy: the Inverted ‘Critical Zone’ of the Subsurface Boston........................................................................................................................................................................................1 Microbial Controls on In Situ Production of Dissolved Organic Matter Brannen, Engel, and Larson.....................................................................................................................................................2 Redox State in Karst Aquifers: Impacts of DOC- and DO-Rich River Water Intrusion into Floridan Aquifer Springs Brown, Martin, Screaton, Ezell, Sutton, and Spellman.............................................................................................................3 Component Isolation and Lipid Profiling to Characterize Dissolved Organic Matter Transformations Along a Groundwater Flow Path Brown, Pfiffner, and Engel........................................................................................................................................................4 Using Biominerals to Assess Anthropogenic Impact: A Case Study in Carter Salt Peter Cave, Carter County, TN Carmichael, Carmichael, Strom, Johnson, Roble, Gao, Santelli, and Bräuer.........................................................................5 A Simple Theoretical Framework to Interpret Spring Variations and Constrain Mechanistic Models of Karst Processes Covington..................................................................................................................................................................................6 Convergence and Divergence in Caves and Shallow Subterranean Habitats Culver and Pipan......................................................................................................................................................................7 The Role of Geological Processes in Global Carbon Cycle: A Review Daoxian....................................................................................................................................................................................8 Microbial Activities at Geochemical Interfaces in Cave and Karst Environments Engel.......................................................................................................................................................................................10 Interactions Between Surface and Subterranean Amphipods in Springs Fišer........................................................................................................................................................................................11 Preliminary Carbon Sequestration and Denudation Rates Within the Karst of the Cumberland Plateau, USA Florea......................................................................................................................................................................................12 Determinants of Macroinvertebrate Diversity in Karst Springs of the Mid-Atlantic Region, USA Fong, Seabolt, and Esson........................................................................................................................................................13 Bicarbonate Water Chemistry of Little Limestone Lake, a Beautiful Marl Lake in Manitoba, Canada Ford.........................................................................................................................................................................................14 Dynamics and Limitations of Organic Carbon Turnover in Porous Aquifers Griebler...................................................................................................................................................................................15 The Longitudinal Response of Benthic Invertebrate Communities to Caves Harding and Watson................................................................................................................................................................16 Experimental Design and Instrumentation to Observe Karst Conduit Hyporhiec Flow Henry, Salaz, and Wilson........................................................................................................................................................17 iv Carbon and Boundaries in Karst KARST WATERS INSTITUTE SPECIAL PUBLICATION 17 TABLE OF CONTENTS Biological Control on Acid Generation at the Conduit-Bedrock Boundary in Submerged Caves Herman, Hounshell, Franklin, and Mills................................................................................................................................18 Environmental Controls on Organic Matter Production and Transport Across Surface-Subsurface and Geochemical Boundaries in the Edwards Aquifer, Texas, USA Hutchins, Schwartz, and Engel...............................................................................................................................................19 Carbon and CO2 in the Phreatic/Epiphreatic Zone of Karst Systems. Some Ideas, Data and Questions from the Milandre Karst Laboratory (Switzerland) Jeannin and Hessenauer..........................................................................................................................................................20 Subaerial Microbial Life in the Sulfidic Frasassi Cave System, Italy Jones, Schaperdoth, and Macalady.........................................................................................................................................21 Physical Structure of the Epikarst Jones........................................................................................................................................................................................22 Seasonal, Diurnal and Storm-scale PCO2 Variations of Cave Stream in Subtropical Karst Area, Chongqing, SW China Junbing, Daoxian, Licheng, and Heping..............................................................................................................................23 Stratigraphic Control on Conduit Development in the Ozark Karst, Missouri, USA Kaufmann and Crews..............................................................................................................................................................24 Using Isotopes of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Species and Water to Separate Sources of Recharge in a Cave Spring, Northwestern Arkansas Knierim, Pollock, and Hays....................................................................................................................................................25 Quantitatively Modeling Source Influences on Cave Air Carbon Dioxide