HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH WORLD REPORT 2006 EVENTS OF 2005 Copyright © 2006 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Co-published by Human Rights Watch and Seven Stories Press Printed in the United States of America ISBN-10: 1-58322-715-6 · ISBN-13: 978-1-58322-715-2 Front cover photo: Oiparcha Mirzamatova and her daughter-in-law hold photographs of family members imprisoned on religion-related charges. Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan. © 2003 Jason Eskenazi Back cover photo: A child soldier rides back to his base in Ituri Province, northeastern Congo. © 2003 Marcus Bleasdale Cover design by Rafael Jiménez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] Rue Van Campenhout 15, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 732 2009, Fax: +32 2 732 0471 [email protected] 9 rue Cornavin 1201 Geneva Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] Markgrafenstrasse 15 D-10969 Berlin, Germany Tel.:+49 30 259 3060, Fax: +49 30 259 30629 [email protected] www.hrw.org Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world. We stand with victims and activists to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice. We investigate and expose human rights violations and hold abusers accountable. We challenge governments and those who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights law. We enlist the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all. WORLD REPORT 2006 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH Human Rights Watch conducts regular, systematic investigations of human rights abuses in some seventy countries around the world. Our reputation for timely, reliable disclosures has made us an essential source of information for those concerned with human rights. We address the human rights practices of governments of all political stripes, of all geopolitical alignments, and of all ethnic and religious persuasions. Human Rights Watch defends freedom of thought and expression, due process and equal protection of the law, and a vigorous civil society; we document and denounce murders, disappearances, torture, arbitrary imprisonment, discrimination, and other abuses of internationally recognized human rights. Our goal is to hold governments accountable if they transgress the rights of their people. Human Rights Watch began in 1978 with the founding of its Europe and Central Asia division (then known as Helsinki Watch). Today, it also includes divisions covering Africa, the Americas, Asia, and the Middle East. In addition, it includes three thematic divisions on arms, children’s rights, and women’s rights. It maintains offices in Berlin, Brussels, Geneva, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, New York, San Francisco, Tashkent, Toronto, and Washington. Human Rights Watch is an independent, nongovernmental organization, supported by contributions from private individuals and foundations worldwide. It accepts no government funds, directly or indirectly. HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH The staff includes Kenneth Roth, Executive Director; Allison Adoradio, Operations Director; Michele Alexander, Development and Outreach Director; Carroll Bogert, Associate Director; Widney Brown, Deputy Program Director; Peggy Hicks, Global Advocacy Director; Iain Levine, Program Director; Dinah PoKempner, General Counsel; James Ross, Senior Legal Advisor; Joseph Saunders, Deputy Program Director; and Wilder Tayler, Legal and Policy Director. The division directors of Human Rights Watch are Brad Adams, Asia; Joseph Amon, HIV/AIDS and Human Rights; Bruni Burres, International Film Festival; Holly Cartner, Europe and Central Asia; Richard Dicker, International Justice; Jamie Fellner, United States; Arvind Ganesan, Business and Human Rights; Bill Frelick, Refugee Policy; Steve Goose, Arms; LaShawn R. Jefferson, Women’s Rights; Scott Long, Lesbian, Gay Bisexual and Transgender Rights; Peter Takirambudde, Africa; José Miguel Vivanco, Americas; Lois Whitman, Children’s Rights; and Sarah Leah Whitson, Middle East and North Africa. The advocacy directors of Human Rights Watch are Steve Crawshaw, London; Loubna Freih, Geneva; Marianne Heuwagen, Berlin; Lotte Leicht, European Union; Tom Malinowski, Washington DC; and Joanna Weschler, United Nations. The members of the board of directors are Jane Olson, Chair; James F. Hoge, Jr., Vice-Chair; Sid Sheinberg, Vice-Chair; John J. Studzinski, Vice-Chair; Omar Amanat, Lloyd Axworthy, David M. Brown, Dorothy Cullman, Edith Everett, Jonathan F. Fanton (Chair, 1998-2003), Michael E. Gellert, Richard J. Goldstone, Vartan Gregorian, Wendy Keys, Robert Kissane, Bruce Klatsky, Joanne Leedom-Ackerman, Josh Mailman, Susan Manilow, Kati Marton, Lore Harp McGovern, Barry Meyer, Joel Motley, Samuel K. Murumba, Catherine Powell, Sigrid Rausing, Victoria Riskin, Kevin Ryan, Domna Stanton, Shibley Telhami. Emeritus board members are Roland Algrant, Lisa Anderson, Robert L. Bernstein (Founding Chair 1978-1997), William D. Carmichael, Adrian W. DeWind, Alice H. Henkin, Stephen L. Kass, Marina Pinto Kaufman, Peter Osnos, Kathleen Peratis, Bruce Rabb, Orville Schell, Gary Sick, and Malcolm B. Smith. WORLD REPORT 2006 Acknowledgments A compilation of this magnitude requires contribution from a large number of people, including most of the Human Rights Watch staff. The contributors were: Adam Abelson, Fred Abrahams, Brad Adams, Ranee Adipat, Christopher Albin-Lackey, Emily Allen, Fadi al-Qadi, Joe Amon, Krishna Andavolu, Ana Arana, Assef Ashraf, Amy Auguston, Genine Babakian, Jo Becker, Clarissa Bencomo, Andrea Berg, Nehal Bhuta, Ben Billa, Michael Bochenek, Carroll Bogert, Matilda Bogner, Peter Bouckaert, Sebastian Brett, Widney Brown, Celeste Bruff, Jane Buchanan, Maria Burnett, Helena Cardenas, Corinne Carey, Holly Cartner, Ximena Casas, Kirsten Christiansen, Jonathan Cohen, Sara Colm, Lance Compa, Andrea Cottom, Zama Coursen-Neff, Tanya Cox, Steve Crawshaw, Sara Darehshori, Jennifer Daskal, Meg Davis, Farida Deif, Quetzal Del Real, Fernando Delgadom, Rachel Denber, Alison des Forges, Richard Dicker, Corinne Dufka, Alison Epting, Tinbete Ermyas, Jamie Fellner, Solmaz Firoz, Eloise Fluet, Juan Fogelbach, Bill Frelick, Loubna Freih, Hannah Gaertner, Georgette Gagnon, Jessica Galeria, Nicholas Galletti, Arvind Ganesan, Meenakshi Ganguly, Marc Garlasco, Hadi Ghaemi, Allison Gill, Eric Goldstein, Fanny Gomez, Steve Goose, Ian Gorvin, Laura Gosa, Gretchen Gosnell, Rachel Greenwald, Inara Gulpe-Laganovska, Ali Hassan, Malcolm Hawkes, Peggy Hicks, Chris Huggins, Bogdan Ivanisevic, Vanessa James, Chloe Junge, Tiseke Kasambala, Elise Keppler, Juliane Kippenberg, Joanna Klonsky, Manu Krishnan, Sergio Latorre, Lance Lattig, Leslie Lefkow, Iain Levine, Mie Lewis, Trevor Lippman, Marisa Lloyd, Diederik Lohman, Allison Lombardo, Lucy Mair, Anjana Malhotra, Tom Malinowski, Anne Manuel, Joanne Mariner, Nora Masciole, Géraldine Mattioli, Nobuntu Mbele, Maria McFarland, Fiorella Melzi, Charmain Mohamed, Marianne Mollman, Hania Mufti, Sahr MuhammedAlly, Jennifer Nagle, Laura Negron, Anna Neistat, Katherine Newell Bierman, Amber Norris, Karem Paola, Shayna Parekh, Alison Parker, Lizzie Parsons, Wendy Patten, Alexander Petrov, Sunai Phasuk, Suzannah Phillips, Carol Pier, Vitalii Ponamarev, Lutz Prager, Jo-anne Prud’homme, Tarek Radwan, Dorit Radzin, Keramet Reiter, Sophie Richardson, Jemera Rone, Jim Ross, Claudia Sandoval, Barbara Sartori, Joe Saunders, Rebecca Schleifer, Kay Seok, Bede Sheppard, Acacia Shields, Veena Siddharth, John Sifton, Anna Sinelnikova, Param-Preet ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Singh, Eugene Sokoloff, Mickey Spiegel, Vera Spirovski, Jem Sponzo, Karen Stauss, Joe Stork, Jonathan Sugden, Jude Sunderland, Agus Sutikno, Veronika Szente Goldston, Peter Takirambudde, Tamara Taraciuk, Tony Tate, Wilder Tayler, Tej Thapa, Gwendolyn Thomas, Robert Thompson, Bill Van Esveld, Anneke Van Woudenberg, Nisha Varia, José Miguel Vivanco, Janet Walsh, Ben Ward, Saralena Weinfield, Stephanie Welch, Joanna Weschler, Lois Whitman, Sarah Leah Whitson, Christophe Wilcke, Daniel Wilkinson, Christian Wlaschütz, Minky Worden, Elijah Zarwan, Sam Zia-Zarifi. Joe Saunders, Ian Gorvin, and Iain Levine edited the report; Manu Krishnan coordinated the editing process. Layout and production were coordinated by Andrea Holley and Rafael Jiménez, with assistance from Veronica Matushaj, Amha Mogus, and Jagdish Parikh. Ranee Adipat, Assef Ashraf, Nicolette Boehland, Celeste Bruff, Matthew Collins-Gibson, Thodleen Dessources, Hannah Gaertner, Yael Gottlieb, Erie Kaneko, Vanessa Kogan, Erin Mahoney, Katie Naeve, Jennifer Nagle, Jo-anne Prud’homme, Anna Sinelnikova, Eugene Sokoloff, and Rania Suidan proofread the report. For a full list of Human Rights Watch staff, please go to our website: www.hrw.org/about/info/staff.html. WORLD REPORT 2006 Table of Contents Introduction 1 by Executive Director Kenneth Roth Private Companies and the Public Interest: Why Corporations Should Welcome Global Human Rights Rules 41 by Lisa Misol Preventing the Further Spread of HIV/AIDS: The Essential Role of Human Rights 53 by Joseph Amon Africa 73 Angola 74 Burundi 80 Côte d’Ivoire 85 Democratic Republic of Congo 90 Eritrea 97 Ethiopia 103 Liberia 109 Nigeria 116 Rwanda 123 Sierra