The Bryologist 108(2), pp. 219 223 Copyright q 2005 by the American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc. Syntrichia bogotensis (Bryopsida, Pottiaceae) New for Macaronesia M. TERESA GALLEGO AND MARIÂA J. CANO Departamento de BiologõÂa Vegetal (BotaÂnica), Facultad de BiologõÂa, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] CECILIA SE RGIO Museu e Jardim BotaÃnico, Rua da Escola PoliteÂcnica, 58, 1250-102, Lisboa, Portugal; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The neotropical moss Syntrichia bogotensis (Hampe) R. H. Zander is reported for the ®rst time for Macaronesia on the basis of six collections from Madeira Island (Portugal). This species has previously been known only from tropical America. The principal distinctive char- acters that separate it from the two nearest species, S. andicola and S. norvegica, are discussed. The species is illustrated, its distribution is mapped, and its name lectotypi®ed. A key to the Madeiran taxa of Syntrichia is provided. Keywords. Bryophyte, distribution, Madeira, Pottiaceae, Syntrichia bogotensis. In the course of a study of Syntrichia specimens 2,900 m, in nemorib., Aug. 1863'' A. Lindig s.n. [BM!, lectotype (designated here); BM! and PC!, isolectotypes]. from Portugal deposited in MADJ, we observed that Tortula bogotensis (Hampe) Mitt., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. some of the samples, identi®ed as Tortula princeps 12: 171. 1869. De Not., Tortula norvegica (F. Weber) Lindb., Tor- tula sp., and Barbula aciphylla Bruch & Schimp. This species is characterized by orange to red- from Madeira, were not attributable to any previ- dish or red-brown hair points, that are occasionally ously known Syntrichia for the area. Also, the same sharply toothed at their bases; plane leaf margins species was found in two samples that had been (Figs. 2A,C) that are only sometimes slightly re- identi®ed as Tortula subulata Hedw. deposited in curved near the middle of the leaf; a transverse sec- S. After studying syntypes deposited in BM and PC tion of the costa with 1±3(4) rows of stereids and we concluded that the specimens from Madeira the absence of hydroids; upper and middle laminal were Syntrichia bogotensis (Hampe) R. H. Zander. cells 12±26 mm wide (Fig. 2E) with (4)6±18(20) Syntrichia bogotensis is a neotropical species to bifurcating non-pedicellate papillae per cell that are date only known from Mexico, Central America 2.5 mm high; and a peristome basal membrane with (Guatemala), and western South America (Bolivia, 1±2(4) cell rows and 50±95 mm in height. Detailed Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela) (Allen descriptions of S. bogotensis, with illustrations, are 2002; Churchill et al. 2000; Churchill & Linares given by Mishler (1994) and Allen (2002). The 1995; Delgadillo et al. 1995; Mishler 1994). The Madeiran specimens have no sporophytes, but world distribution of the species based upon current show all the gametophytic characters of the Amer- literature reports and new records is given in Figure ican specimens. 1. The citation from Venezuela was not included in Two of the four specimens from MADJ were col- the general distribution map of Syntrichia bogoten- lected on trees (Tilia sp.) at 600±1,300 m, and two sis because we were not able to ®nd the locality on were collected at about 1,800 m, probably on soil, which this record is based. Since Madeiran climatic although the labels of the specimens do not de- conditions support the growth of warm-temperate scribe their substrate. On the label of B72688 from and tropical taxa, this disjunct distribution between S, neither the ecology nor the elevation is men- Neotropical and Macaronesian ¯oras is not surpris- tioned. The other sample from S (B72687) was an ing. In addition, only in the Macaronesian Islands epiphyte on Ocotea foetens (Aiton) Baill. All spec- does subtropical vegetation appears at this latitude, imens of Syntrichia bogotensis found in Madeira linking tropical Africa with Europe (Frahm 1995). grow at lower elevations than those from tropical America where, according to Delgadillo et al. SYNTRICHIA BOGOTENSIS (Hampe) R. H. Zander, (1995) and Churchill et al. (2000), localities can Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 32: 267. 1993. reach more than 4,000 m. Other bryophytes, such Barbula bogotensis Hampe, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., seÂr. 5. as Plagiochila papillifolia Steph. (that has a neo- 3: 349. 1865. TYPE: [COLOMBIA] ``Bogota, Guadalupe, tropical distribution and was recently reported for 0007-2745/05/$0.65/0 220 THE BRYOLOGIST [VOL. 108 FIGURE 1. World distribution map of Syntrichia bogotensis based on literature reports and new records. Macaronesian Islands) also appear at lower eleva- caronesia (only in Madeira), North and South Af- tions than in tropical America (Heinrichs et al. rica, and North (DuÈll 1984) and Central America 2002) because the highest elevation on Madeira Is- (DuÈll 1992; Mishler 1994), but not in neotropical land is 1,861 m. areas (Churchill et al. 2000; Delgadillo et al. 1995). Some of the morphological characters shown by It is relatively common in the Mediterranean region Syntrichia bogotensis, such as the size and papil- (Gallego 2002), where it grows at high elevations losity of the upper and middle laminal cells and the (1,800±3,500 m). color and ornamentation of the hair-point are also Syntrichia bogotensis is closely related to S. an- found in S. andicola (Mont.) Ochyra and S. norv- dicola, a tropical alpine species widely distributed egica F. Weber. These three species also share an in the Neotropics from Mexico to Argentina, thata obvious and particular character within the genus, occurs on soil at higher elevations (above 3,000 m). which sets apart this group of taxa from the rest of The sporophytes of both species are similar, but the the species of Syntrichia (Gallego 2002; Mishler gametophytes basically differ in the curvature of 1994)Ðnamely the costa structure on the upper the leaf margins and ornamentation of the leaf third of the leaf, where the dorsal stereids disappear. apexÐS. andicola has strongly revolute margins The transverse section of the costa is composed of from the leaf base to the upper third and a usually the following: ventral epidermis, guide cells, and dentate apex. According to Mishler (1994), there is leaf cells similar to those of the lamina (Fig. 2B). a geographical and ecological differentiation be- On the other hand, in the middle and lower part of tween S. bogotensis and S. andicola, since the for- the leaf, the costa is composed of ventral epidermis, mer grows on wood at lower elevations (1,800± guide cells, and dorsal stereids (Fig. 2D). 3,000 m). The main differences between Syntrichia Syntrichia norvegica has longer hair-points that bogotensis, S. andicola, and S. norvegica are shown are not toothed at the base, leaf margins recurved in Table 1. from the base to upper third of the leaf (Fig. 2F), Other Syntrichia taxa that have been recorded and a higher peristome membrane than S. bogoten- from Madeira are: S. calcicola J. J. Amann, S. fra- sis. This former species is a terricolous and saxic- gilis (Taylor) Ochyra, S. laevipila Brid., Syntrichia olous taxon which appears in Europe, Asia, Ma- montana Nees, S. norvegica, S. ruralis (Hedw.) F. 2005] GALLEGO ET AL.: SYNTRICHIA BOGOTENSIS 221 FIGURE 2. Syntrichia bogotensis and S. norvegica. A±E. S. bogotensis (from S B72688). Ð A. Upper third of leaf. Ð B. Transverse section of costa in upper third of leaf. Ð C. Upper and middle leaf. Ð D. Transverse section of costa at mid-leaf. Ð E. middle laminal cells. Ð F. S. norvegica (from MUB 8345). Leaf. Scale bars: A 5 200 mm; B, D 5 50 mm; C, F 5 500 mm; E 5 20 mm. Weber & D. Mohr var. ruralis, S. ruralis var. rur- Specimens examined.ÐSyntrichia bogotensis: POR- aliformis (Besch.) Delogne, and S. princeps (De TUGAL. MADEIRA. Pico Ruivo, sope ladeando a Fonte ou nascente que abastece a casa do Pico Ruivo, NoÂbrega, Not.) Mitt. Syntrichia calcicola and S. montana 11.07.1984 (MADJ 5663); Ribeira do PocËo, Serra da A gua, were reported by DuÈll (1992) and Smith (1978), NoÂbrega & Paulo, 6.11.1985 (MADJ 5058); Guada do Pico respectively, from Madeira. The report of S. calci- Ruivo, NoÂbrega, 13.03.1990 (MADJ 6489); Margen direita cola has not been con®rmed and the record of S. da Ribeira Seca do Faial, 1,300 m, NoÂbrega, 23.10.1990 (MADJ 6704); Sao Jorge, Cova do Sino, NoÂbrega, montana has been disregarded by Smith (2004) 22.08.1945 (S B72688); NoÂbrega 45 (S B72687). Syntri- himself. chia fragilis: PORTUGAL. MADEIRA. S. Vicente, Ribeira 222 THE BRYOLOGIST [VOL. 108 TABLE 1. Diagnostic characters and habitat of Syntricia norvegica, S. bogotensis, and S. andicola. Taxon Leaf margins Leaf apex Peristome membrane Habitat S. novegica Recurved ½ to Usually without 8±10(12) cell rows; Mainly on soil and rocks. At ¾ of the leaf teeth 250±350 mm length medium to high elevations length, rare- (1,800±3,500 m) ly plane S. bogotensis Plane Occasionally with 1±2(4) cell rows; 50±95 Mainly on trees. At medium teeth mm length to high elevations (600± 4,250 m) S. andicola Recurved to ¾ Usually with teeth 1±2(3) cell rows; 50±70 Mainly on soil. At high eleva- of the leaf mm length tions (2,700±4,900 m) length da Passo, NoÂbrega 1677 (LISU 149223). Syntrichia laevi- cells forming clearly differentiated hyaline area up pila:MADEIRA. Serra de A gua, valley of the Ribeira Brava, to 27±45% of leaf length ------------------------------------------- 6 Arts 15936 (LISU 181467); Machico, im Garten des CafeÂs 6. Leaf apex not hyaline, generally rounded, not von Machico, Schwab 255 (LISU 162381); Agua do Vento, tapering into hair point ---------------------------------- Ribeira de Ponta do Sol, NoÂbrega, 5.04.1988 (MADJ 6174); ------------------------------------------------ S.