Digital Sculpting with Mudbox This page intentionally left blank Digital Sculpting with Mudbox Essential Tools and Techniques for Artists Mike de la Flor Bridgette Mongeon AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Focal Press is an Imprint of Elsevier This book is dedicated to the community of artists and researchers whose creativity, hard work, and zeal for innovation push the technological envelopes to greater heights. Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, UK © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research andexperience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Application submitted British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-0-240-81203-8 For information on all Focal Press publications visit our website at www.elsevierdirect.com Printed in the United States of America 10 11 12 13 5 4 3 2 1 Typeset by: diacriTech, Chennai, India Contents Acknowledgments . xi. About the Authors . xiii Introduction . xvii. Chapter 1: Sculpting Concepts . 1 Comparing Traditional and Digital Sculpting . .1 Workspace . 1 Armatures . .2 Lighting . .3 Sculpting Tools . 3 Anatomy for Sculptors . 5 Skeleton . 5 Muscles . .6 Skin and Fat . .6 Proportions and Measurements . .6 Proportions . .6 Measurements . .8 Form, Negative Space, and Gesture . 8 Form . 8 Negative Space . 9 Gesture . 10. Expression and Emotion in Sculpture . 12. Summary . 12. Chapter 2: Introduction to Mudbox . 15. Interface Overview . 15. What You Will Need to Work In Mudbox . 21. A 3D Primer . 22. Understanding 3D Space . 22. Polygon Basics . 22. Resolution . 24. UV Mapping . 24. Digital Images . 25. Mudbox Hotkeys . 26. v Contents Quickstart Tutorial: Sculpting a Bell Pepper . 26. Setting Up the Scene . 27. Selecting and Scaling a Model . 28. Creating a Layer and Subdividing . 29. Roughing In the Shape . 30. Sculpting Details . 33. Adding Texture with a Stencil . 36. Summary . 37. Chapter 3: Sculpting a Portrait Bust . 39. Sculpting a Likeness . 40. Collecting Reference Material . 40. Facial Expressions . 41. Measurements . 41. Getting Started . 42. Sculpting In the Neutral Position . 42. Loading the Basic Head Model . 43. Setting Up Reference Sketches . 43. Adding a Camera Bookmark . 46. Changing Proportions from Adult to Child . 47. Creating a Sculpt Layer and Subdividing . 48. Adjusting the Proportions of the Chest, Back, and Shoulders . 49. Changing the Proportions of the Head . 50. Refining the Shape of the Face . 51. Roughing In the Eye Sockets . 52. Shaping the Face . 52. Sculpting the Nose . 56. Widening the Bridge of the Nose . 56. Sculpting the Alae and Tip of the Nose . 57. Refining the Tip of the Nose . 57. Adding Nostrils . 59 Refining the Alae . 59. Sculpting with Negative Space . 61. Sculpting the Philtrum . 62. Sculpting the Mouth . 62. Hiding Part of the Model . 63. Marking the Location of the Lips . 64. vi Contents The Upper Lip . 64. The Lower Lip . 66. Refining the Mouth . 67. Sculpting the Eyes . 70. Sculpting the Eyeball . 72. Sculpting the Lower Eyelid . 73. Sculpting the Upper Eyelid . 75. Refining the Eye . 78. Creating the “Sculpture” Look . 79. Sculpting the Ears . 81. Shaping the Back of the Head and Positioning the Ears . 81. Sculpting the Back of the Ear . 82. Sculpting the Ear . 83. Adding Hair . 87. Summary . 87. Chapter 4: Sculpting a Figure . 89. Anatomy Primer . 90. Navigating Anatomical Space . 90. Quick Overview of Muscle Anatomy . 91. Superhero Proportions . 92. Getting Started . 93. Making Things the Right Size . 94. Subdividing and Adding a New Layer . 95. Sculpting Muscle Masses . 95 The Upper Torso . 97. The Sternocleidomastoid . 98. The Upper Limb . 98. The Upper Arm . 99. The Forearm . 100. The Hand . 102. The Anterior and Lateral Torso . 103. The Posterior Lower Torso . 104. The Lower Limb . 106. The Anterior Thigh . 107. The Lateral Thigh . 108. The Posterior Thigh . 108. vii Contents The Anterior Leg . 109. The Posterior Leg . 111. The Ankle . 111. The Foot . 111. Sculpting the Head and Face . 113. Refining the Model . 116. Refining the Torso and Upper Limbs . 117. Refining the Hands . 118. Refining the Feet . 120. Refining the Face and Ear . 121. Final Details . 122. Nipples and Umbilicus . 122. Sculpting Veins . 122. Asymmetry . 123. Summary . 125. Chapter 5: Painting Sculptures . 127. UV Mapping . ..