Ministry of Megapolis and Western Development Urban Development Authority Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka PROJECT FOR FORMULATION OF GREATER KANDY URBAN PLAN (GKUP) Final Report Volume 2: Main Text September 2018 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Oriental Consultants Global Co., Ltd. NIKKEN SEKKEI Research Institute EI ALMEC Corporation JR 18-095 Ministry of Megapolis and Western Development Urban Development Authority Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka PROJECT FOR FORMULATION OF GREATER KANDY URBAN PLAN (GKUP) Final Report Volume 2: Main Text September 2018 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Oriental Consultants Global Co., Ltd. NIKKEN SEKKEI Research Institute ALMEC Corporation Currency Exchange Rate September 2018 LKR 1 : 0.69 Yen USD 1 : 111.40 Yen USD 1 : 160.83 LKR Map of Greater Kandy Area Map of Centre Area of Kandy City THE PROJECT FOR FORMULATION OF GREATER KANDY URBAN PLAN (GKUP) Final Report Volume 2: Main Text Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PART 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Objective and Outputs of the Project ....................................................... 1-2 1.3 Project Area ............................................................................................. 1-3 1.4 Implementation Organization Structure .................................................... 1-5 1.5 Project Approach ...................................................................................... 1-9 CHAPTER 2 OVERALL ACTIVITIES OF THE PROJECT ................................. 2-1 2.1 Project Activities ....................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Steering Committee Meetings ................................................................ 2-12 2.3 Strategic Environmental Assessment Meeting ....................................... 2-16 2.4 Public Consultation Meetings for the Detail Plan ................................... 2-22 2.5 Surveys in the Heritage Area ................................................................. 2-23 2.6 Training Programme in Japan ................................................................ 2-27 2.7 Impact of Curfew Issues (March 2018) on Project Content ................... 2-28 i PART 2: GREATER KANDY URBAN PLAN CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF INSTITUTIONAL SETTINGS AND RELATED PLANS AND PROJECTS .............................................................. 3-1 3.1 Institutional Settings ................................................................................. 3-1 3.2 National Physical Plan ........................................................................... 3-12 3.3 Existing Plans for Greater Kandy Area .................................................. 3-15 3.4 Development Plans by UDA Central Province Under Preparation ......... 3-35 3.5 Development Needs of Province and LAs, and DS and DSDs .............. 3-43 CHAPTER 4 NATURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS .................... 4-1 4.1 Natural Settings of Greater Kandy Area ................................................... 4-1 4.2 History ...................................................................................................... 4-7 4.3 Urban Form ............................................................................................ 4-12 4.4 Socio-Economic Condition ..................................................................... 4-18 4.5 Existing Land Use .................................................................................. 4-37 CHAPTER 5 PRESENT CONDITIONS OF THE CITY CENTRE ........................ 5-1 5.1 General Urban Conditions ........................................................................ 5-1 5.2 Built-up Situation ...................................................................................... 5-5 5.3 Infrastructure ............................................................................................ 5-6 5.4 Transportation .......................................................................................... 5-7 5.5 Social Infrastructure ................................................................................. 5-8 5.6 Public Space and Facilities .................................................................... 5-13 CHAPTER 6 SECTORAL SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ....................................... 6-1 6.1 Transport .................................................................................................. 6-1 6.2 Water Supply, Sewage, and Drainage ................................................... 6-12 6.3 Solid Waste Management ...................................................................... 6-25 6.4 Social Infrastructure ............................................................................... 6-33 6.5 Environment ........................................................................................... 6-37 6.6 Disaster Prevention ................................................................................ 6-42 6.7 Regional Economic Development .......................................................... 6-62 ii CHAPTER 7 VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES ........................................... 7-1 7.1 Visioning ................................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Issues and SWOT .................................................................................... 7-2 7.3 Values of Kandy and Keywords for Visions Based on Existing Plans and Inputs from Local Authorities ............................................................. 7-5 7.4 Goals, Objectives, and Strategies ............................................................ 7-8 CHAPTER 8 URBAN STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT ORIENTATION .... 8-1 8.1 Overall Development Scenario ................................................................ 8-1 8.2 Greater Kandy .......................................................................................... 8-3 8.3 Orientation of Cluster Development ....................................................... 8-42 8.4 Urban Structure of City Centre ............................................................... 8-52 PART 3: DETAIL PLAN FOR THE HERITAGE AREA CHAPTER 9 REVIEW OF THE ORGANISATION, LEGAL BASIS AND FINANCIAL MECHANISMS FOR THE HERITAGE AREA ........... 9-1 9.1 Organisation and Role Sharing ................................................................ 9-1 9.2 Legal Basis of Development and Conservation, and Procedure for Obtaining Planning and Building Permit ................................................... 9-8 9.3 Financial Mechanisms for Heritage Conservation .................................. 9-16 CHAPTER 10 PRESENT CONDITION OF THE HERITAGE AREA .................. 10-1 10.1 Heritage Conservation ........................................................................... 10-1 10.2 Landscape and Urban Design .............................................................. 10-24 10.3 Feedbacks of Heritage Building Owners and Tenants ......................... 10-51 10.4 Detailed Historic Building Sample Survey in the Commercial Grid ...... 10-59 CHAPTER 11 PUBLIC CONSULTATION IN THE HERITAGE AREA ............... 11-1 11.1 Approaches to Public Consultation ........................................................ 11-1 11.2 Interview Survey of Households and Business Owners in the Heritage Area ........................................................................................................ 11-4 11.3 Heritage Building Owners’ Meeting ...................................................... 11-13 iii 11.4 Public Consultation Meeting ................................................................. 11-21 11.5 Rationale of Public Consultation .......................................................... 11-34 CHAPTER 12 DETAIL PLAN FOR KANDY HERITAGE AREA ........................ 12-1 12.1 Approach for Formulating the Detail Plan .............................................. 12-1 12.2 Criteria and Category of Heritage Building ............................................. 12-4 12.3 Zoning Regulation .................................................................................. 12-6 12.4 Other Regulations .................................................................................. 12-7 12.5 Transport Improvement ........................................................................ 12-23 12.6 Landscape Management ...................................................................... 12-29 12.7 Special Action Projects ........................................................................ 12-38 12.8 Urban Design Orientation ..................................................................... 12-42 CHAPTER 13 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND HERITAGE PRESERVATION ................ 13-1 13.1 Current Institutional Issues ..................................................................... 13-1 13.2 Institutional Arrangement ....................................................................... 13-4 13.3 Strategic Proposals to Promote Private Investment ............................. 13-16 CHAPTER 14 PILOT PROJECT ........................................................................ 14-1 14.1 Purpose of the Pilot Project .................................................................... 14-1 14.2 Programme