Wireless Information and Power Transfer: A New Paradigm for Green Communications Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody • John Thompson Symeon Chatzinotas • Salman Durrani Editors Wireless Information and Power Transfer: A New Paradigm for Green Communications 123 Editors Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody John Thompson Department of Software Engineering, School of Engineering Institute of Cybernetics University of Edinburgh National Research Tomsk Institute for Digital Communications Polytechnic University Edinburgh, UK Tomsk, Russia Salman Durrani Symeon Chatzinotas College of Engineering Interdisciplinary Centre for Security and Computer Science University of Luxembourg The Australian National University Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg Canberra, Aust Capital Terr, Australia ISBN 978-3-319-56668-9 ISBN 978-3-319-56669-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56669-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017943674 © Springer International Publishing AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland To my parents Amara Dewndarage and Linton Jayakody Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody Preface The concept of wireless information and power transfer provides researchers with a unique set of challenges which is quite distinct from their traditional fixed power supply. New approaches in, wireless power transmission (or transfer) (WPT) is paramount as it helps us to overcome the scarcity of electric power when electric power is supplied wirelessly. The necessities of communication systems are a burgeoning issue that is already straining operating budgets and attracting the attention of policymakers around the globe. Communication technologies continue to be a central element of the transition to smart, energy-efficient and sustainable lifestyles. Radio frequency (RF) energy transfer and harvesting techniques have recently become alternative methods to power next-generation wireless networks. This book features the latest research findings in the area of wireless energy harvesting through RF wireless power transfer and simultaneous information and power transfer in light of the emerging area of the Internet of Things. All living and machine entities rely on both information and power for their existence. Although these two entities are work harmoniously, in traditional engi- neering design; information and power are handled by separate systems with limited interaction. Indeed, wireless energy harvesting (WEH) through radio waves has already found various applications (such as the radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology, healthcare monitoring, etc.), but radio wave-based communication and power transfer have largely been designed separately. The contributions in this book aim at achieving a breakthrough in the design of WPT networks whilst delivering simultaneously high quality to this rapidly evolving area. This book brings together the latest findings in wireless information and power transfer in order to disseminate state-of-the-art results and inspire future research in this field. This introduces a new paradigm of green communications. The editors would like to express their gratitude to all the contributors for their full cooperation during the entire authoring and production process and their patience through the reviewing rounds and specifically to Himal A. Suraweera, Salman Durrani, Nalin D. K. Jayakody, Shree Krishna Sharma, Symeon vii viii Preface Chatzinotas, Wanchun Liu, Xiangyun Zhou, Nafiseh Janatian, Ivan Stupia, Luc Vandendorpe, Christos Masouros, Yunfei Chen, Weisi Guo, Muhammad Ismail, Mohamed Kashef, Khalid A. Qaraqe, Ioannis Katsidimas, Sotiris Nikoletseas, Theofanis P. Raptis, Christoforos Raptopoulos, Fahira Sangare, Zhu Han, Mohammadali Mohammadi, Batu K. Chalise and Sotiris Nikoletseas. Furthermore, a special thanks goes out to the reviewing team for providing constructive feedback and improving the quality of the content: Himal Suraweera, Pan Cao, Nalin D. K. Jayakody, Cristian Rusu, Mohammad Ali Mohammadi, Bin Chen, Batu Chalise, Sumit Gautam, Dang Khoa Nguyen, Christos Masouros, Yunfei Chen and Muhammad Ismail. The writing of this book would not have been possible without the support of many friends and colleagues. This work was funded, in part, by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Grant No. 02.G25.31.0190 dated 27.04.2016 and performed in accordance with Russian Government Reso- lutions No. 218 of 09.04.2010; by various funding schemes of the Ministry of Education and Science, Russia; by the FNR-FNRS bilateral project “InWIP-NETs: Integrated Wireless Information and Power Networks”; by the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Project funding scheme (project number DP140101133); by the Norwegian-Estonian Research Cooperation Programme through grant EMP133; and by the Estonian Research Council through research grant PUT405. Authors also acknowledged the contribution of the COST Action on Inclusion Radio Communications (IRACON) CA15104. Finally, the editors would like to thank Mary E. James and Brinda Megasyamalan from Springer for their support in bringing this book to completion. Tomsk, Russia Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody Edinburgh, UK John Thompson Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg Symeon Chatzinotas Canberra, ACT, Australia Salman Durrani Contents Part I Emerging Topics of Wireless Information and Power Transfer 1 Introduction, Recent Results, and Challenges in Wireless Information and Power Transfer ......................................... 3 Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody, Shree K. Sharma, and Symeon Chatzinotas 2 Full-Duplex Wireless-Powered Communications ....................... 29 Mohammadali Mohammadi, Batu K. Chalise, and Himal A. Suraweera 3 Multi-Objective Resource Allocation Optimization for SWIPT in Small-Cell Networks .................................................... 65 Nafiseh Janatian, Ivan Stupia, and Luc Vandendorpe 4 Harvesting Signal Power from Constructive Interference in Multiuser Downlinks .................................................... 87 Christos Masouros 5 Energy Harvesting for Wireless Relaying Systems ..................... 123 Yunfei Chen 6 Multi-Scale Energy Harvesting ........................................... 157 Weisi Guo, Yansha Deng, Arumugam Nallanathan, Bin Li, and Chenglin Zhao Part II Energy Harvesting Protocols For Wireless Sensor and Related Areas 7 RF Energy Harvesting Networks: Existing Techniques and Hardware Technology................................................. 189 Fahira Sangare and Zhu Han ix x Contents 8 Wireless Powered Sensor Networks ...................................... 241 Wanchun Liu, Salman Durrani, and Xiangyun Zhou 9 Spectrum and Energy Harvesting Protocols for Wireless Sensor Nodes ................................................................ 271 Mansi Peer and Vivek Ashok Bohara 10 Efficient Wireless Power Transfer Maximization Algorithms in the Vector Model......................................................... 297 Ioannis Katsidimas, Sotiris Nikoletseas, Theofanis P. Raptis, and Christoforos Raptopoulos 11 Enabling Green Heterogeneous Cellular Networks via Balanced Dynamic Planning .............................................. 323 Muhammad Ismail, Mohamed Kashef, Erchin Serpedin, and Khalid A. Qaraqe Index ............................................................................... 359 Authors’ Biography Symeon Chatzinotas (S’06–M’09–SM’13) received his M.Eng. degree in telecommunications from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, and M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electronic engineering from the University of Surrey, Surrey, UK, in 2003, 2006 and 2009, respectively. He is currently a research scientist with the SIGCOM Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, managing H2020, ESA and FNR projects. In the past, he has worked on numerous R&D projects for the Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”; Informatics and Telematics Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas; and Mobile Communications Research Group, Centre for Communication Systems Research, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK. He has authored