Defence Select Committee Inquiry: The UK’s Ability to Support Military Operations across the Globe Memorandum from Airbus UK: A400M March 2007 A400M 1. Background to the Programme The A400M launch contract was signed on 27 May 2003 between Airbus Military (its shareholders comprise Airbus, EADS-CASA of Spain, TAI of Turkey and FLABEL of Belgium) and the European procurement agency OCCAR representing France, Germany, Spain, Turkey, Belgium, Luxemburg and the United Kingdom. The development of the aircraft takes place primarily in Toulouse and Madrid and at Airbus sites across Europe under the management of Airbus. This combines Airbus’ experience of managing large aircraft manufacturing programmes and the Spanish expertise in the construction of smaller military transport aircraft. The final assembly and the delivery centre for A400M is located at the Seville plant of EADS Military Transport Aircraft Division. The powerplant for the A400M is being developed and manufactured by EuroProp International (EPI), a European joint venture company consisting of Industria de Turbopropulsores, MTU, Rolls-Royce and Snecma. The 4 high-speed turboprops are equipped with advanced fuel efficient 8-blade composite propellers, supplied by Ratier-Figeac. This unique powerplant combination will confer near jet speeds to the A400M, while improving on the excellent versatility of previous propeller-driven tactical transports, consuming some 20% less fuel throughout the life of the aircraft than equivalent turbofan designs. The launch contract provides for a total of 180 A400M transport aircraft for seven NATO nations with the Airbus partners Germany (60), France (50), Spain (27) and the UK (25) placing the largest orders. The other national partners’ and customers’ orders are Turkey (10), Belgium (7) and Luxemburg (1). South Africa and Malaysia have added orders of 8 and 4 aircraft respectively and have subsequently become industrial partners in the A400M programme. South Africa's participation will be worth at least € 750 million and that of Malaysia at least € 400 million. EADS conservatively estimates that the global export potential of A400M will be around 200 aircraft over 20 years (excluding US, China and Russia). In January 2005, the A400M production was launched with the first metal cut for a major airframe component at the Airbus site in Varel, Germany. In 2006 the assembly of major airframe components such as Wing Boxes, Fuselage Sections and Empennages was begun, the First Engine and Propeller run was performed, and the Customer’s acceptance of the Engineering Cockpit Simulator was achieved. Delivery of components to the Final Assembly Line started in the first Quarter of 2007. - 2 - 2. A400M: Meeting the UK’s Strategic and Tactical Airlift Requirements The MoD’s Strategic Defence Review of 1998 underlined the vital need for enhancements to the UK’s airlift capabilities: “the trend towards force projection operations, for which we may need to deploy very rapidly in order to be successful, place an increasing premium on transport or lift capabilities.”1 The MoD’s principal response to satisfying this requirement was the commitment in 2003 to the procurement of 25 A400M aircraft. The support for A400M and the importance of the programme were reiterated in the Defence Industrial Strategy of 2005: “ A400M will be an extremely flexible aircraft that will provide tactical and strategic airlift capability to all three Services in peace and crisis and will become the mainstay of the UK’s tactical transport force.”2 We agree with the MoD’s assessment of the A400M’s capabilities and are confident that it will be a very versatile aircraft able to simultaneously supplement the strategic role currently undertaken by C-17s and surpass the tactical capability provided by the current ageing fleet of C130s. A brief summary of the aircraft’s capabilities illustrates this flexibility: · Large cargo hold (340m3 volume, 37 tonnes payload), which can be quickly converted to carry containers, pallets, vehicles, seated troops or casualty evacuation stretchers. · Long range capability enhanced by a basic capability to be refuelled in the air to reach any part of the world. · High cruise speed up to Mach 0.72, which is at least 30% faster than the generation of military transport aircraft it will replace. · Short, soft field performance removing dependence on paved runways with autonomous capability on the ground removing the need for specialist support equipment. · Rapid Descent and Climb Capabilities ease operations into difficult airfields and the fly-by-wire system provides unmatched protection during violent manoeuvres. · High Survivability Features (such as flight deck armour, on-board inert gas generation for fuel tanks, dispersed and duplicated aircraft systems and active and passive defence aids) giving excellent protection for crew and troops in hostile environments. 1 Strategic Defence Review, Supporting Essay 6, “Future Military Capabilities”. 2 Defence Industrial Strategy, Chapter B4, “Fixed Wing”, p85. - 3 - In addition to setting new standards in the military transport environment, the A400M is also significant in the broader security context. The A400M is an important step towards the modernisation and inter-operability of European forces, to the development of a joint European defence and security policy and for the maintenance of a viable European defence industry, breaking the U.S. monopoly in large military transport aircraft. 3. Current Status of Programme Delivery We would like to clarify to the Committee the current situation regarding the project and delivery milestones of the A400M programme. Following the production difficulties faced by Airbus on the A380 aircraft, EADS initiated a review of the A400M programme to assess risks to the final assembly and delivery schedule. This review was the most comprehensive assessment ever done on an EADS development programme. The review validated that the A400M programme is currently progressing according to the contractually agreed schedule. However, the programme challenges ahead until first delivery to the French Air Force in October 2009 are assessed as significant and the review clearly identified several critical risk areas: maturity of some systems design, maturity of military mission systems and engine modifications, all of which would have resulted in too much work remaining to be done at the Final Assembly Line, putting first flight and the flight test programme at risk. The review team’s proposals for mitigating actions to comply with the delivery schedule committed to customers have been endorsed by the CEOs of EADS, Tom Enders and Louis Gallois, and the Board of Directors. It was in this context that a potential three-month delay in starting final assembly (until the second quarter of 2007) of the aircraft was announced in January. This will help ensure that the sections delivered to Seville are at the required level of completion for final assembly to commence efficiently. Indeed, the majority of the risk-mitigating proposals made have already been implemented, and by careful re- scheduling of specific test items the date for first flight will not be delayed. We are confident that any time lost during A400M assembly will be recovered in the test phase. Therefore important milestones such as aircraft certification and the latest forecast in-service date for the UK can still be met. Implementation of the A400M review is being monitored by the CEOs personally, on a bi-monthly basis. 4. Industrial Benefits for the UK The A400M programme with its cutting edge use of composite technology and application of the latest lean and efficient manufacturing techniques, firmly positions Airbus UK and the UK aerospace sector at the forefront of this high technology industry. - 4 - Airbus UK – the Airbus Wing Centre of Excellence - at Filton, Bristol, is responsible for the overall design, management, and assembly of the A400M wing. 3 Airbus UK has been investing over €200 million in the A400M infrastructure over the 5 years from 2003-2008, involving some significant alterations to assembly buildings. At the official opening of the centre on 21 September 2006, the Minister of State for Defence Equipment and Support, Lord Drayson, said: "The A400M is a vital part of the UK's future military capability. I am delighted therefore to open this fantastic facility, which is an important step towards delivering the aircraft to the seven partner nations. The A400M wing was designed here in the UK and basing the manufacturing facility here in Filton, further reinforces the UK's tradition as Europe's centre of excellence for hybrid composite wing technology." Final assembly of the first set of wings began in July 2006. The A400M wing represents a major step in Airbus wing technology as it features the first-ever composite (carbon fibre reinforced plastic, CFRP) wingbox for an Airbus-built aircraft. It is also believed to be the largest composite wing ever made. The wing box consists of pre-assembled leading and trailing edges made of composite spars, metallic ribs and 20 metre-long composite wing skins. The Wing Assembly Facility is equipped with new, state-of-the-art, jigs and tools - including automated drilling and laser tracking making this the most advanced aircraft assembly plant in the world. After assembly of the wingbox, each wing will be fully equipped with hydraulic, pneumatic, fuel and electrical systems and fitted with moving surfaces. It will then be fully tested before delivery from Filton by Airbus “Beluga” cargo aircraft, to the final assembly line in Seville. The first six sets of aircraft wings and the fatigue and static test wings will also be specially equipped with additional instrumentation and other equipment for ground and flight testing of the whole aircraft in due course. The first wing was removed from its assembly jig in Filton in November 2006 and is to be delivered to Spain in April 2007.. In addition the fuel team at Filton is responsible for the overall definition of the complete fuel system including air-to-air refuelling and fuel tank inert gas protection, technical recommendation for supplier selection, supplier management, and fuel system test and integration.