Outline INFOTECH Lecture IP Based Networks and Applications Manuscript: Edition Summer 2004 Additional material and information on the course is available at http://www.jcho.de/jc/IPNA/ Dr.-Ing. Joachim Charzinski [email protected] © Joachim Charzinski This slide set is distributed to support students of the University of Stuttgart who attend the IPNA lecture http://www.jcho.de/IPNA/ during summer term 2004. All other use requires written permission by Joachim Charzinski. IPNA – IP based Networks and Applications IPNA – IP based Networks and Applications Table of Contents (2) 2004 Edition Table of Contents 2004 Edition 4. Applications and Application Layer Protocols 4-1 4.1 Introduction 4-5 4.1.1 Design Principles 4-5 1. Introduction 1-1 4.1.2 Contents Delineation 4-6 1.1 Overview of the lecture 1-6 4.1.3 Client-Server Paradigm 4-9 4.1.4 Reply Codes 4-11 1.2 Internet History 1-26 4.1.5 Socket Concept 4-15 1.3 IP Standardisation 1-46 4.2 DNS 4-20 1.4 Networking Basics Refresher 1-55 4.3 E-Mail 4-28 1.4.1 Reference Model 1-56 4.3.1 SMTP 4-32 1.4.2 Circuit Switching and Packet Switching 1-59 4.3.2 MIME 4-37 1.4.3 Local Area Networks 1-65 4.3.3 POP3 4-39 1.4.4 Network Elements 1-76 4.3.4 IMAP 4-42 Questions 1-94 4.4 HTTP 4-43 4.5 Telnet 4-55 2. Network Layer et. al. 2-1 4.6 FTP 4-62 2.1 Internet Reference Model 2-3 4.7 VoIP 4-67 2.2 IP 2-14 4.7.1 Packetized Voice 4-69 2.2.1 IP Packets 2-19 4.7.1 H.323 4-71 2.2.2 Addressing 2-32 4.7.2 SIP 4-78 2.2.3 Fragmentation 2-43 2.3 ICMP 2-50 5. Network Architectures 5-1 2.4 ARP 2-62 5.1 The Internet 5-4 2.5 Routing 2-68 5.2 Local IP Networks 5-6 2.5.1 Principle 2-69 5.3 Intranets 5-13 2.5.2 Algorithms 2-81 5.3.1 Network Address Translation (NAT) 5-15 2.5.3 Protocols 2-86 5.3.2 Virtual Private Networks (VPN) 5-16 2.6 UDP 2-93 5.3.3 Remote LAN Access (RLA) 5-17 Questions 2-99 5.4 Residential Access 5-18 5.5 Voice Carrier Networks 5-22 3. Transport Layer 3-1 5.6 Mobile Networks 5-25 3.1 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 3-5 5.6.1 Mobility Support 5-26 3.1.1 Overview 3-6 5.6.2 GPRS 5-29 3.1.2 Reliable Transport 3-8 5.6.3 Header Compression 5-30 3.1.3 TCP Header 3-13 5.6.4 TCP and Packet Loss 5-32 3.1.4 Reliable Transport in TCP 3-22 5.7 Overlay Networks 5-34 3.1.5 Connection Concept 3-28 5.7.1 General View 5-35 3.2 TCP Flow and Congestion Control 3-38 5.7.2 Building Overlays with P2P Mechanisms 5-37 3.2.1 Principle 3-41 Questions 5-39 3.2.2 Congestion Control Algorithms: Tahoe, Reno, Vegas 3-47 3.2.3 TCP Performance 3-56 3.2.4 Extensions 3-61 6. Statistics and Performance 6-1 3.3 Assigned Numbers 3-62 6.1 Introduction 6-4 3.4 Other Transport Protocols 3-66 6.1.1 Basic Statistics 6-4 3.4.1 SCTP 3-67 6.1.2 Classical Models and Results 6-10 3.4.2 RTP 3-71 6.2 Web Statistics 6-13 Questions 3-76 6.2.1 TCP Effects 6-14 6.2.2 Heavy-Tailed Distributions 6-17 6.3 Long-Range Dependence and Self-Similarity 6-21 6.4 Issues with Simulations 6-27 Questions 6-32 IPNA – IP based Networks and Applications IPNA – IP based Networks and Applications Table of Contents (3) 2004 Edition Errata 2004 Edition 7. Quality of Service 7-1 7.1 What is Quality of Service? 7-4 7.2 Best Effort Service 7-9 7.3 Differentiated Services 7-11 7.4 Integrated Services 7-14 7.5 MPLS 7-16 7.6 Service Level Agreements 7-22 Questions 7-24 8. Network Management 8-1 8.1 Introduction 8-4 8.2 Configuration Management 8-7 8.3 Performance Management 8-9 8.4 Fault Management 8-11 8.5 SNMP MIBs 8-14 8.6 SNMP Protocol 8-18 Questions 8-22 9. Security 9-1 9.1 Introduction 9-4 9.2 Methods for Improving Security 9-10 9.2.1 Methods for Confidentiality and Integrity 9-11 9.2.2 Methods for System Security 9-16 9.3 Internet Security Frameworks 9-17 9.3.1 Authentication Frameworks 9-18 9.3.2 Network Layer Security: IPsec 9-19 9.3.3 Transport Layer Security: SSL and TLS 9-21 9.3.4 Application Layer Security: PGP 9-22 9.4 Firewalls 9-23 9.5 Absolute Security? 9-30 Questions 9-31 10. IPv6 10-1 10.1 Introduction 10-4 10.2 Addressing 10-6 10.3 IP Packet Header 10-9 10.4 Automatic Configuration 10-17 10.5 Security Support 10-18 10.6 Changes to Other Protocols 10-19 10.7 Migration Strategies 10-21 Questions 10-24 Outline Preliminary remarks INFOTECH Overview Lecture Internet History IP Standardisation Networking Basics Refresher Information and Communication Networks IP Based Networks and Applications Chapter 1: Introduction Dr.-Ing. Joachim Charzinski [email protected] © Joachim Charzinski This slide set is distributed to support students of the University of Stuttgart who attend the IPNA lecture http://www.jcho.de/IPNA/ during summer term 2004. All other use requires written permission by Joachim Charzinski. Objectives Preliminary remarks Overview Internet History Learn about and explore IP technology IP Standardisation Networking Basics Refresher See the difference between The Internet and other IP networks be able to design IP based applications Not: how to use applications link recommendations for surfing © Joachim Charzinski http://www.jcho.de/IPNA/ Information and Communication Networks IPNA Chapter 1 Edition Summer 2004 1-2 Prerequisites Preliminary remarks Overview Communications (will be refreshed) Internet History LANs IP Standardisation OSI Reference model Networking Basics Refresher basic C knowledge to understand examples to apply your new knowledge how to use the Web and e-mail also for accessing information about this lecture some maths LAN Local Area Network © Joachim Charzinski http://www.jcho.de/IPNA/ Information and Communication Networks IPNA Chapter 1 Edition Summer 2004 1-3 Remarks Preliminary remarks Overview “homework” Internet History preparation for next lecture IP Standardisation simple tasks to give you a “hands-on” feeling for the course Networking Basics material Refresher mixture of fun and work no “official” solutions You can contact me by e-mail: [email protected] (at work) [email protected] (at home) Additional information for this course is available at http://www.jcho.de/jc/IPNA/ © Joachim Charzinski http://www.jcho.de/IPNA/ Information and Communication Networks IPNA Chapter 1 Edition Summer 2004 1-4 Outline Preliminary remarks Overview 1. Introduction Internet History IP Standardisation 2. Network Layer (et al.) Networking Basics 3. Transport Layer Refresher 4. Applications and Application Layer Protocols 5. Network Architectures 6. Statistics and Performance 7. Quality of Service 8. Network Management 9. Security 10. Ipv6 © Joachim Charzinski http://www.jcho.de/IPNA/ Information and Communication Networks IPNA Chapter 1 Edition Summer 2004 1-5 1.1 Outline Chapter 1: Introduction Preliminary remarks 1.1 Overview of the lecture Overview Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 1.2 Internet History Chapter 5 evolution and growth of the Internet Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 1.3 IP Standardisation Chapter 10 Internet History IP Standardisation 1.4 Networking Basics Refresher Networking Basics 1.4.1 Reference Model Refresher 1.4.2 Circuit Switching and Packet Switching 1.4.3 Local Area Networks 1.4.4 Network Elements © Joachim Charzinski http://www.jcho.de/IPNA/ Information and Communication Networks IPNA Chapter 1 Edition Summer 2004 1-6 1.1 Outline Chapter 2: Network Layer (et al.) Preliminary remarks 2.1 Internet Reference Model Overview Chapter 1 Chapter 2 2.2 IP Chapter 3 2.2.1 IP Packets Chapter 4 Chapter 5 2.2.2 Addressing Chapter 6 2.2.3 Fragmentation Chapter 7 Chapter 8 2.3 ICMP Chapter 9 Chapter 10 2.4 ARP Internet History IP Standardisation 2.5 Routing Networking Basics 2.5.1 Principle Refresher 2.5.2 Algorithms 2.5.3 Protocols 2.6 UDP © Joachim Charzinski http://www.jcho.de/IPNA/ Information and Communication Networks IPNA Chapter 1 Edition Summer 2004 1-7 1.1 Outline Chapter 2: Network Layer (et al.) – Preview Preliminary remarks Overview Major IP based Protocols Chapter 1 replace logo Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Users... Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Application Programs Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 HTTP Chapter 10 FTP SNMP NFS MIME ASN.1 XDR Internet History SMTP BGP RPC rlogin TELNET DNS TFTP BOOTP RIP RTP RPC &rsh & DHCP IP Standardisation TCP UDP Networking Basics Refresher IP (+ICMP, IGMP) ARP, ATMARP, SLIP, PPP Hardware Device Drivers, Media Access Control Protocols Source: [Comer 2000] Hardware... © Joachim Charzinski http://www.jcho.de/IPNA/ Information and Communication Networks IPNA Chapter 2 Edition Summer 2004 2-11 © Joachim Charzinski http://www.jcho.de/IPNA/ Information and Communication Networks IPNA Chapter 1 Edition Summer 2004 1-8 1.1 Outline Chapter 3: Transport Layer Preliminary remarks 3.1 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Overview Chapter 1 3.1.1 Overview Chapter 2 3.1.2 Reliable Transport Chapter 3 Chapter 4 3.1.3 TCP Header Chapter 5 3.1.4 Reliable Transport in TCP Chapter 6 3.1.5 Connection Concept Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 3.2 TCP Flow and Congestion Control Chapter 10 3.2.1 Principle Internet History 3.2.2 Congestion Control Algorithms: IP Standardisation Tahoe, Reno, Vegas Networking Basics 3.2.3 TCP Performance Refresher 3.2.4 Extensions 3.3 Assigned Numbers 3.4 Other Transport Protocols 3.4.1 SCTP 3.4.2 RTP © Joachim Charzinski http://www.jcho.de/IPNA/ Information and Communication Networks IPNA Chapter 1 Edition Summer 2004 1-9 1.1 Outline Chapter 3: Transport Layer – Preview Preliminary remarks TCP Congestion Control Overview replace logo Principal Figure Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 TCP TCP Reno trace 35 Chapter 4 Congestion Control Chapter 5 Principle Chapter 6 Algorithms 30 LL LL Chapter 7 Performance LL Extensions 25 Chapter 8 LL Assigned Numbers Chapter 9 20 CACA CA Chapter 10 Other T.