SINDH AHISTORYOFHUMANRIGHTSVIOLATIONS ThepeopleofSindhprovinceinPakistanhavedealtwithmarginalizationandhumanrightsabusesfor decades.Thisreportdetailsthehistoryandrecentdevelopmentsofthemostpressingissues. Sindh:AHistoryOfHumanRightsViolations WORLDSINDHI AHISTORYOFHUMANRIGHTSVIOLATIONS CONGRESS TheWorldSindhi Congress(WSI)isoneof themostprominent humanrightseducation andadvocacy SINDH organisationforSindh. Themainobjectiveof WSCistoestablishan infrastructuretoteach TitleSindh:AHistoryofHumanRightsViolations anddisseminate Copyright©March2012Sindh:AHistoryofHumanRightsViolations educationalmaterialto thepublic. PublishedbyWORLDSINDHCONGRESS© Weadvocateand WrittenbyTulinKhanakaandDinaPardijs campaignfornon violence,self determination, democracy,peace,civil society,separationof stateandreligion, environmentalrightsfor all,equalityforwomen, Sindhilanguageand culture, denuclearization, conflictresolution. WORLDSINDHICONGRESS® 22Newfields,WelwynGardenCity,Herts.AL86YT,UK Tel.+44(020)85866609,Fax+44(870)1226007 7117thStreetNW,Springhill,LA71075,USA Tel.+18189176910,Fax:+1(866)3669603 6025ShorehillDrive,Winnipeg,MBR3X0A9Canada Tel.+12044808431,Fax:+12044808431 [email protected] http://www.worldsindhicongress.org 1 WorldSindhiCongress|May2012 Sindh:AHistoryOfHumanRightsViolations CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1ScopeoftheStudy ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.2Limitations......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.HISTORICALBACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1BritishColonialismandLandLabourRelations................................................................................. 4 2.2PartitionandtheStateofPakistan................................................................................................... 5 3.VIOLATIONOFRIGHTSOFLIVELIHOODS............................................................................................................... 7 3.1EconomicSystem .............................................................................................................................. 7 3.2UnequalAllocationofFinancialResources....................................................................................... 8 3.3Unemployment ................................................................................................................................. 9 3.5NaturalResources........................................................................................................................... 11 3.5.1Oil,GasandCoal..................................................................................................................................... 11 3.5.2EmploymentinOil/NaturalResourceCompanies.................................................................................. 13 3.5.3Water ........................................................................................................................................... 14 3.5.4WaterMismanagement ......................................................................................................................... 16 4.VIOLATIONSOFRIGHTSOFDEVELOPMENTANDSECURITY ............................................................................... 17 4.1Health.............................................................................................................................................. 17 4.2Education ........................................................................................................................................ 18 4.3Floods.............................................................................................................................................. 20 4.4SecurityandTerrorism.................................................................................................................... 21 5.VIOLATIONOFMINORITYRIGHTS ....................................................................................................................... 22 5.1BlasphemyLaw ............................................................................................................................... 22 5.2ShariaandDiscriminatoryLaws...................................................................................................... 23 5.3MarriageLaws................................................................................................................................. 24 5.4MadrasasandEducation ................................................................................................................ 24 5.5LackofProtectionofMinorities ..................................................................................................... 25 5.6AttacksonReligionsandplacesofworship.................................................................................... 26 5.6.1AttacksonSufis ...................................................................................................................................... 26 5.6.2AttacksonHindus................................................................................................................................... 27 5.7Kidnapping ...................................................................................................................................... 28 5.8Increaseinmigration ...................................................................................................................... 29 2 WorldSindhiCongress|May2012 Sindh:AHistoryOfHumanRightsViolations 6VIOLATIONOFRIGHTSOFLANGUAGE ................................................................................................................. 29 6.1Language ......................................................................................................................................... 29 6.2LanguageinEducation.................................................................................................................... 30 7.VIOLATIONOFRIGHTSOFASSOCIATION,FREESPEECHANDLEGALRIGHTS ..................................................... 31 7.1EnforcedDisappearances ............................................................................................................... 31 7.2ViolationoftherighttoFreedomofSpeech .................................................................................. 32 7.3ViolationoftheRighttoFairTrial................................................................................................... 34 8.VIOLATIONOFRIGHTSOFWOMEN/GIRLS.......................................................................................................... 35 8.1HonourKillings(karokari).............................................................................................................. 36 8.2ViolenceandRape .......................................................................................................................... 37 8.3Kidnapping/AbductionandSlavery ............................................................................................... 37 9VIOLATIONOFRIGHTOFSELFDETERMINATION ................................................................................................. 38 10.CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................... 39 11RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 41 11.1RecommendationsfortheGovernment:...................................................................................... 41 11.2 RecommendationsfortheInternationalCommunity: ............................................................. 42 BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................................................................................................................... 43 APPENDIXI:.............................................................................................................................................................. 49 3 WorldSindhiCongress|May2012 Sindh:AHistoryOfHumanRightsViolations 4 WorldSindhiCongress|May2012 Sindh:AHistoryOfHumanRightsViolations EXECUTIVESUMMARY Thispaperhasbeenpreparedtohighlightthehumanrightsviolationsperpetratedbythegovernmentof PakistanonthenationofSindh.ItwillbeshownthatSindhishaveremainedanationalentityforthousandsof yearswithasharedhistoryandculturethatisdistinctfromtherestofPakistan.Thereportwillthenestablish,in detail,thehumanrightsabusesthatareoccurringinPakistantothisveryday.Theseabusesareviolentand deliberateattemptsatculturalexclusion,assimilation,andeconomicandpoliticalmarginalization.Theseabuses cancontinueunabashedbecauseofthedominanceofthemilitaryinPakistan’sgovernment. ThevoicefordemocracyandhumanrightsforSindhipeopleisdealtwithbythePakistanistatewithviolence, tortureandphysicalelimination.In2011alonemorethan100humanrights,politicalandsocialactivistswere forciblydisappearedbygovernmentagencies.Theirwhereaboutstodateareunknownanditiswidelybelieved thattheyarelanguishinginthetorturecentresofPakistaniarmyandintelligenceagencies,Inthesameperiod elevenpoliticalactivists,includingleadersofSindhipoliticalparties,wereeithertorturedtodeathorwerethe