1 Name:________________________________________ Due Date:________ Class Period:_____ Unit 9 exam score goal:_____ AP exam score goal:____ WWII APUSH Review Guide for American Pageant chapter s 35-36 / AMSCO chapter 25 Directions Print document and take notes in the spaces provided. Read through the guide before you begin reading. This step will help you focus on the most significant ideas and information as you read. This guide can earn bonus points PLUS the right to correct the corresponding quiz for ½ points back for students completing guide IN ITS ENTIRETY BY QUIZ DATE. Pictured at right: nuclear explosion over Nagasaki, 1945, Public Domain Learning Goals: Identify and analyze the causes and effects of the World War II. Analyze the ways Americans and government responded to war Answer the following questions by reviewing main events, defining terms, and analyzing significance in the spaces provided. 1. Analyze the reasons why WWI was not “the war to end all wars,” as Woodrow Wilson had hoped. Policies & Events… Definitions… Why it didn’t work… Treaty of Versailles League of Nations Washington Naval Conference and subsequent treaties Kellogg-Briand Pact Stimson Doctrine 2 2. Compare Herbert Hoover’s foreign policy from 1929-1933 to to Woodrow Wilson’s from 1917-1921. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of Franklin Roosevelt’s foreign policies from 1933-1938. Highlight cues evaluate effectiveness in the spaces provided. Evaluate effectiveness of this policy. The Good Neighbor Policy was a philosophy of Roosevelt’s, regarding positive and peaceful relations with Latin America through methods such as consultation and nonintervention. Recognizing the ineffectiveness of violence in the Caribbean in the past and seeking to strengthen the Western To what extent was this policy a departure from Herbert Hoover’s Latin American policy? Hemisphere, a successful compromise was reached in 1941 by use of these methods regarding Mexican seizure of Yankee oil properties. Evaluate effectiveness of this policy. In 1933 at the seventh Pan American Conference in Montevideo, Uruguay, the US delegation formally decided upon a policy of nonintervention in the Montevideo Pact. By making such a pact previous acts and pacts such as the Monroe Doctrine were To what extent was this policy a departure from Theodore Roosevelt’s Latin American policy? bypassed. Evaluate effectiveness of this policy. In 1936 another Pan American Conference, t his time in Buenos Aires, Argentina, FDR and other nations pledged to work together in defense of the western hemisphere from any aggression by Germany. (Following the fall of France a few years late… At the To what extent did FDR’s role at this conference differ from Secretary of State, James G. Blaine’s Havana Conference the United States agreed to share role in the first Pan American Conference in 1890? responsibility with the rest of the world to uphold the Monroe Doctrine.) In 1934, Congress nullified the Platt Amendment. To what extent did this improve Pan American relations? What was the Platt Amendment? 3 In 1934, American marines finally left Haiti. To what extent did this improve Pan American relations? Why were troops in Haiti? In what ways did this act embody isolationism? The Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934) fulfilled America’s earlier promise of gradual freedom for the Philippines. America did reserve naval bases. To what extent did this improve Mexican-American relations? Following the 1938 Mexican government seizure of American oil business in Mexico, FDR refused to use force, refused to cater to the demands of American businessmen, and instead encouraged arbitration and settlement. In 1941 a settlement was reached, but many American businesses lost much of their investments. 4. In what ways did Franklin Roosevelt’s economic policies impact foreign policies? Why did President Hoover support this conference? Who’s view do you mostly agree with? In the bombshell announcement Roosevelt withdrew America from the London Economic Conference because he felt that it would hamper his ability to help the American economy by being tied to the standards of other countries. Did this change in U.S. policy help America recover from the Great Depression? In 1933, Roosevelt ignored hardcore anti- communists and Roman Catholics and recognized the Soviet Union by starting diplomatic relations with the Bolshevik What impact did it have? regime. He did so partly to increase trade and partly to balance Germany and Japan’s rising power. Compare Hull and Roosevelt’s tariff policies to those of William Jennings Bryan and Woodrow Wilson. Devised in 1934 by Secretary Hull and President Roosevelt, the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act was designed to enhance and revive American export trade for purposes of relief and recovery from the Great Depression while activating low tariff In what ways did these agreements improve the worldwide economy and foreign relations? policies of New Dealers. Tariffs in US and other countries lowered existing tariffs by 50 percent, breaking the precedent of a high import tax that existed since the Civil War. 4 5. Explain the impact the Nye Committee had on American foreign policy in the 1930s. 6. Trace the foreign events that moved the world toward war, and analyze the League’s responses as well as FDR and America’s responses. How did the League of Nations respond to Italy’s aggression? Mussolini seized power in Italy, 1922. His fascism led to a military build up, Explain how FDR and Congress responded to this aggression in the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937. increased nationalism, decreased liberty, increased anti-communist sentiments, and destabilized the balance of power as he began to build an empire in the 1930s including the takeover of Ethiopia in 1935. How did the League of Nations respond to German aggression? Germany also developed a fascist party, the Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler. He rose to power in 1933; the same year FDR became President of the U.S. Hitler Defend Britain and France’s decision to appease Hitler. (Munich Conference) began rebuilding Germany, denouncing the Treaty of Versailles, attacking Jews and other non-Aryans in a wild, nationalistic fervor. In 1936, he seized the Rhineland. In 1938, he took Sudetenland. How did the League of Nations respond to the Spanish Civil War? The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) proved to be a miniature World War Two. Spanish Rebels headed by General Francisco Franco intended to overthrow the established Loyalist Defend FDR’s response to cries for help from Loyalists in Spain. regime, and the neutrality acts redefined so arms embargo to Loyalists and rebels, which helped condemn fellow democracies to death. The fascist party won with the help of Hitler and Mussolini. Explain the similarities between the motives of fascist Italy and Germany with militaristic Japan. During the 1920s, nationalists also rose to power in Japan. Instead of fascism, Japan developed militarism which led to the building of their empire. Explain how FDR responded to these aggressive actions in his Quarantine Speech. This began with the Manchurian Crisis in 1931 and continued with the further invasion of China in 1937. The next year, FDR succeeding in convincing Congress to build up arms despite the U.S. neutrality policy. Explain why he did this and how Americans responded. Blatant disregard of Open Door! FDR was not happy. 5 7. Trace and analyze the events that led the United States to change its foreign policy from neutrality to interventionism. Who were the Axis Powers? After signing a non- How did France and Great Britain respond to the German invasion of Poland? aggression pact with the Soviet Union, Germany worked with the USSR to invade Explain FDR’s 1939 response to this aggression Neutrality Act of 1939 and “cash and carry.” Poland on September 1, 1939, …Germany invaded Poland, truces were broken, and the dreaded World War II was under way. What lesson did FDR learn from Woodrow Wilson that inspired the Selective Service Act of 1940? Within months Germany began invading Scandanavia, France, and then Britain with its Blitzkrieg, lightning war strategy. Explain the Destroyers for Bases deal that FDR made with Britain. The months of British and French inaction following the fall of Poland were defined as the “phony war.” It How did the American government intervene on Finland’s behalf as the Soviets invaded them? What resulted? ended when the Soviets attacked Finland to secure buffer territory. Explain the 1940 response of isolationists illustrated in the America First Committee. What impact did these policies have on the American economy? FDR fought for this act by addressing Congress and outlining the Four Freedoms. Explain this concept. France fell and Britain was under constant bombardment. The 1941 Lend-Lease Bill, patriotically numbered 1776, was entitled as “An Act Further to Promote the Defense of the United States.” It would send limitless supplies Compare FDR’s evolving policy with Woodrow Wilson’s policy to “make the world safe for democracy.” of arms to the victims of aggression, who would finish the job and keep the war on their side of the Atlantic. The act was heavily debated because it was basically an indirect declaration of war and went against America’s Neutrality Act. Explain FDR’s “Shoot on Sight” addition to the Lend-Lease Act. 6 Compare this action to German unrestricted submarine warfare in WWI. How was FDR’s response similar to Woodrow Wilson’s? On May 21, 1941, a German submarine torpedoed the Robin Moor, an unarmed American merchant ship outside of a war zone. This was the response of the Germans to the Lend-Lease Bill, having decisively identified the U.S. as enemies. FDR responded by sending aid to the Soviets. As a nation terrified of communism (remember the Red Scare)… why would the U.S.