Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86241-7 - Advanced Examination Techniques in Orthopaedics Edited by Nick Harris Index More information 13Harris(Ind)-cpp 25/9/02 11:34 am Page 219 Index abductor pollicis brevis 5, 66, 68 dislocation 156 acetabular dysplasia 199 paediatric patients 205 achilles tendinitis 165 shoulder instability 99, 101, 207 achilles tendon 167 apprentice’s spine (thoraco-lumbar Scheuermann’s disruption 182 disease) 214 acromegaly 4 arachnodactyly 207 acromioclavicular joint arcade of Frohse 73 impingement signs/tests 96–97 arcade of Struthers 71 inspection 85 arthrogryposis multiplex congenita 191, 206 palpation 85, 88 ataxic gait 197 acromioclavicular joint disorders 81 axillary nerve damage 88, 114, 118 impingement 96, 97 axonotmesis 66 adolescent acetabular dysplasia 193 adolescent disc syndrome 213, 217 back kneeing 197 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis 197 back pain 125, 126 Adson’s manoeuvre 131 paediatric patients 214 Allen’s test 5, 19 ballotment test (Reagan) 35, 36 anconeous epitrochlearis 71 Barlow’s test 203 ankle 165–187 belly press test (Napoleon’s sign) 91, 95 anatomy 170, 173 benign essential tremor 4 examination 167–182 biceps brachii 117 history 165 function testing 92 inspection 167 rupture instability 165, 182 insertion tendon 46, 47 movement 176–179 long head 47, 85 muscle strength grading 206 biceps reflex 88 neurovascular assessment 180 bicipital tendonitis 88, 92 paediatric examination 205–206 biro test see tactile adherence test cerebral palsy 209 block test 199, 200, 201 pain 165 Blount’s disease 193 palpation 167 Bouchard’s nodes 13 special tests 182 Boutonniere deformity 17–18 symptoms 165–166 classification 17–18 terminology 186, 187 thumb 18, 19 ankylosing spondylitis 126, 127 bow-string test 131 antalgic gait 139, 197 bowlegs see genu varum anterior apprehension test, shoulder instability 99, 101 brachial plexus anterior cruciate ligament instability 150, 205 anatomy 107, 108 specific tests 156–157 relationships 107 anterior cruciate ligament tear 150, 205 neural topography 107 anterior drawer test, ankle instability 182 sensory distribution of roots/trunks/nerves 113 anterior interosseous syndrome 71 brachial plexus injury anterior talofibular ligament 167, 182 electrical studies 121 anterior-posterior drawer test, shoulder instability 99, examination 108–120 100 coexisting injuries 108, 109 Apert’s syndrome 21 immediate post-trauma 108–109 aplastic (Fanconi) anaemia 21 motor 114–118 apprehension test sensory 109–114 elbow instability 57, 58 imaging investigations 121 hip labral pathology 144–145 late stage 121 patellar pathology MRC grading of sensation 114 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86241-7 - Advanced Examination Techniques in Orthopaedics Edited by Nick Harris Index More information 13Harris(Ind)-cpp 25/9/02 11:34 am Page 220 13Harris(Ind)-cpp 25/9/02 11:34 am Page 221 220 Advanced Examination Techniques in Orthopaedics Index 221 brachial plexus injury – continued clicking hip 138 hand disorders 9 symptoms 43 root lesions 118 clicking shoulder 82 maternal 191 ulnar nerve assessment 71–73 shoulder weakness 82, 83 clinodactyly 207 peripheral nerve disorders 63 elbow flexion test 72 surgery 121 clubbing 5, 207 dial test 158, 159, 160 elbow impingement, provocation tests 54–55 brachialis 117 Coleman block test 184, 185, 206 dimple sign 37 elbow instability 43, 55–57 brachialis reflex 88 collagen disorders 99 disc protrusion/prolapse apprehension signs 57, 58 brachioradialis 117 colour, hand 4–5 cervical 125, 127 rotatory 55–56 Bryant’s triangle 141, 142, 202 peripheral nerve disorders 63 lumbar 126, 131 valgus 55 bursae 149 compression test paediatric patient 193 varus 55 carpal (lunotriquetral ligament) instability 37 thoracic 126 electrical resistance, upper limb nerve disorders 65 distal radioulnar joint 37 discitis 193, 213, 215 electromyography 66 café-au-lait spots 194, 195, 216 congenital dislocation of hip 138, 197, 203 discoid meniscus 204 suprascapular nerve entrapment 83 calcaneal apophysitis (Sever’s disease) 206 late presentation 193 Disk-criminator 66 Ely’s test 144 calcaneal disorders 169, 176 congenital elbow dislocation 207 distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint empty can test 88, 90 insufficiency fracture 165 congenital hand disorders 4, 5 flexor tendon injury 9, 11 endocrinopathies, foot problems 165 stress fracture 169 congenital hemivertebrae 213 movement 8 enophthalmos 107 calcaneofibular ligament injury 167 congenital short femur 205 osteoarthritis 13 extensor carpi radialis brevis 44 calcaneonavicular bar 184 congenital syphilis 191 distal radioulnar joint 37 extensor carpi radialis longus 44 calcaneus gait 197 congenital vertical talus 206 dividers 4 extensor carpi ulnaris subluxation 37 calcific tendonitis, acute 81 Constant score 99, 102 Down’s syndrome 194 extensor digiti quinti proprius (EDQ) sign 15, 16 camptodactyly 207 coxa vara 138, 197 drawer tests extensor digitorum brevis manus 27 capitellar injury 45 crank test 97 midcarpal instability 35 external rotation lag sign 89, 91 carpal boss 27 crouch gait 197 posterior cruciate ligament instability 159 external rotation recurvatum test 159 carpal instability 32 cubital tunnel syndrome 71 postero-lateral rotatory 57, 159 external rotator function testing 89 midcarpal 35 provocative tests 72–73, 74, 75 radiocarpal 35 ulnar-sided pain 35, 37 curly lesser toes 206 radioulnar 37 facet joint arthrosis 127 carpal tunnel syndrome 44, 63 shoulder instability 99, 100 factitious hand trauma 4 flexor synovitis 15, 16 drop sign 89, 92 Fanconi anaemia (aplastic anaemia) 21 median nerve assessment 66–67, 68 daylight sign 173 Duchenne muscular dystrophy 206 fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy 83, 92 symptoms 63 De Quervain’s disease 26, 28 Dupuytren’s disease 5, 19 femoral stretch test 133 carpometacarpal joint Finkelstein’s test 31, 33 fibromyalgia 127 movement 8 dead arm syndrome 82 finger osteoarthritis 13, 14 deep peroneal nerve entrapment 182 effusions, knee 149–150, 151 abduction 118, 120 cauda equina syndrome 126 deformity paediatric patients 204 adduction 118, 120 cavo-varus deformity 166, 182, 216 foot, acquired 166 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 216 deformities 207 cerebellar ataxia 197 hand 3, 5 elbow 43–58 extension 117–118 cerebral palsy 206, 208, 214, 216 fingers 207 axial alignment 50–51 flexion 118, 119 lower limb assessment 208–209 peripheral nerve disorders 63 carrying angle 50, 51, 207 Finichietto-Bunnel test 16, 17 transpelvic pelvic obliquity 217 paediatric patients 191, 193 examination 44–57 Finkelstein’s test 31, 33 cervical myelopathy 125, 131 spinal see spinal deformity anterior aspect 45–47 flat foot see pes planus cervical plexus palsy 107 degenerative disc disease inspection 44 flexor hallucis longus cervical radiculopathy 82, 83 cervical spine 125–126, 127 lateral aspect 44–45 disruption 167 cervical spine inspection 127 medial aspect 47–48 tendinitis 165 degenerative disease 125–126, 127 lumbar spine 126, 131 palpation 44–50 flip test 131, 133 extension 84, 88 spinal movement assessment 127 posterior aspect 48–50 floppy baby 193, 215 flexion 84, 88 see also disc protrusion/prolapse extension 50, 51 foot 165–187 movement assessment 127, 128 degenerative elbow joint disease 43, 44 muscle function assessment 117 acquired deformity 166 neurovascular examination 128 radiocapitellar joint 45 flexion 50, 51 cerebral palsy 209 paediatric trauma 213 deltoid 118 muscle function assessment 116–117 examination 167–182 special tests 131 functional assessment 88, 114–115 forearm rotation 51 inspection 167 symptoms referable to elbow 43 dermatomal distributions 130 history 43–44 palpation 167 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (hereditary motor and lower limb 130 median nerve assessment 67–71 special tests 182 sensory neuropathy type I) 182, 184 upper limb 64 movement 50–52 history 165 Chopart’s joint 169 developmental milestones 191 paediatric examination 207 movement 176–179, 180, 181 claw hand 63 diabetes mellitus previous medical history 43 muscle strength grading 206 distal ulnar nerve lesions 72 Charcot neuroarthropathy 165 provocation tests 47, 53–57 neurovascular assessment 180 clawed toes 166, 184, 206 foot disorders 165, 166, 167 rotational deformity 51–52 paediatric examination 205–206 cleidocranial dysostosis 206 frozen shoulder 83 strength assessment 53 pain 165 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86241-7 - Advanced Examination Techniques in Orthopaedics Edited by Nick Harris Index More information 13Harris(Ind)-cpp 25/9/02 11:34 am Page 220 13Harris(Ind)-cpp 25/9/02 11:34 am Page 221 220 Advanced Examination Techniques in Orthopaedics Index 221 brachial plexus injury – continued clicking hip 138 hand disorders 9 symptoms 43 root lesions 118 clicking shoulder 82 maternal 191 ulnar nerve assessment 71–73 shoulder weakness 82, 83 clinodactyly 207 peripheral nerve disorders 63 elbow flexion test 72 surgery 121 clubbing 5, 207 dial test 158, 159, 160 elbow impingement, provocation tests 54–55 brachialis 117 Coleman block test 184, 185, 206 dimple sign 37 elbow instability 43, 55–57 brachialis reflex 88 collagen disorders 99 disc protrusion/prolapse apprehension signs 57, 58 brachioradialis 117 colour, hand 4–5 cervical 125, 127 rotatory 55–56 Bryant’s triangle 141, 142, 202 peripheral nerve disorders 63 lumbar 126, 131 valgus 55 bursae 149 compression test paediatric patient 193 varus 55 carpal (lunotriquetral ligament) instability 37 thoracic 126 electrical resistance,