THE BAHA'I WORLD A BIENNIAL INTERNATIONAL RECORD Prepared under the supervision of the National Spiritual Assembly of the BahB'is of the United States with the approval of Shoghi Effendi VOLUME XI1 107, log, 109 AND 110 OF THE BAHA'I ERA APRIL 1950-1954 A.D. BAHA'I PUBLISHING TRUST Wilmette, Illinois xii CONTENTS PAGE 74 . Prof . Joseph Klausner. Jerusalem. Israel ....................... 655 75. Prof . Francesco Gabrieli. University of Rome .................. 655 76 . Dr. G . A . Borgese. Professor of Italian Literature. University of Chi- cago .................................................. 655 77 . Prof . Raffaele Pettazzoni. Professor of the History of Religion. Uni- versity of Rome ........................................ 656 78 . Dr. Marshall Wingfield. D.D.. Litt.D. .......................... 656 79 . Sir Alfred Zimmern. Switzerland .............................. 656 111. In Memoriam William Sutherland Maxwell .................................... 657 Roy C . Wilhelm .............................................. 662 Siegfriedschopflocher .......................................... 664 Louis Gregory ................................................ 666 DorothyBaker ................................................ 670 Marion Jack ................................................. 674 Edward B . Kinney ............................................ 677 Dr. Youness Afrukhtih ......................................... 679 Ella Goodall Cooper ........................................... 681 Dr. SulaymLn Berjis ........................................... 684 Ella Bailey ................................................... 685 Maria B. Ioas ................................................ 688 Nuri'd-Din Fath 'Azam ........................................ 690 HLji Muhammad TLhir Malmiri ................................. 692 Johanna Schubarth ............................................ 694 Florence George .............................................. 697 Philip Goddard Sprague ........................................ 698 Nellie Stevison French ......................................... 699 DagmarDole ................................................. 701 Florence Breed Khan .......................................... 703 B&ram RawhLni ............................................. 705 LouiseBosch ................................................. 705 FlorenceMorton .............................................. 708 RabLn Kulayni MamaqLni .................................... 710 'Abdu'l Hussein Yazdi ......................................... 711 Charles Kennedy ............................................. 711 L. W . Eggleston .............................................. 712 PART THREE I . Bahi'i Directory 1953-1954 ....................................... 717 1. International Bahi'i Council ................................. 717 2 . Bahb'i National Spiritual Assemblies .......................... 717 3 . Countries opened to the Bahb'i Faith .......................... 719 Abyssinia .............................................. 719 Aden Protectorate ....................................... 719 Ad_hirbLyjLn ............................................ 719 AfghLnistLn ............................................ 719 ................................................. 719 Alaska ................................................. 719 Aleutian Islands ......................................... 719 Algeria ............................................... 719 AndamanIs ............................................. 719 Andorra .............................................. 719 Angola ................................................ 719 Argentina ........................................ 719 I11 IN MEMORIAM WILLIAM SUTHERLAND MAXWELL he was of Scotch descent, his grandfather 1874-1952 having migrated from Jedburgh with his family in the early part of the nineteenth Cablegram from Shoghi Eflendi, Guardian century. Other ancestors had come from of the Bahri'i Faith: Aberdeen. Both William and his older brother Edward were interested in building. With sorrowful heart announce through Edward graduated as an engineer from National Assemblies Hand of Cause of Ba- McGill University, but when William left hS'u711Lh highly esteemed dearly beloved High School, he refused to follow this Sutherland Maxwell gathered into the glory course as he could not study architecture of the Abhb Kingdom. His saintly life ex- there at that time. He went to Boston, at tending well-nigh four-score years, enriched the age of seventeen, and the extraordinary during the course of 'Abdu'l-BahPs ministry ability he had for both drawing and design by services in the Dominion of Canada, soon became apparent and he was given or- ennobled during Formative Age of the namental details of important buildings to Faith by decade of services in Holy Land, work up into their final form. In 1899 he during darkest days of my life, doubly hon- went to the Bcole des Beaux Arts in Paris ored through association with the crown where he was allowed to attend as a cour- of martyrdom won by May Maxwell and tesy to the Canadian Government, in view incomparable honor bestowed upon his of the fact he had no diplomas and was daughter, attained consummation through not planning to sit for any examinations. He his appointment as architect of the Arcade worked for two years in the studio of the and Superstructure of the BLb's Sepulcher well-known architect Paschal. It was in this as well as his elevation to the front ranks studio that he met a fellow-student, Ran- of the Hands of the Cause of God. Advise dolph Bolles, who introduced him to his all National Assemblies hold befitting me- mother and sister; the sister, May Bolles, morial gatherings particularly in the Ma- was already a convinced and active Bahgi ariqu'l-AQkir in Wilmette, and in the Ha- and had just returned to Paris from her ziratu'l-Quds in Tihrin. pilgrimage to the Prison City of 'Akki, Have instructed Hands of the Cause in where she had met 'Abdu'l-Bahi. William's United States and Canada, Horace Holley great interest at that time was art and ar- and Fred Schopflocher, to attend as my rep- chitecture. However, he made up his mind resentatives the f~~neralin Montreal. Moved Miss Bolles was the only woman he would to name after him the southern door of ever marry. She reciprocated his senti- Bhb's Tomb as tribute to his services to sec- ments, but refused to leave Paris and her ond holiest Shrine of BahPi World. The teaching work for the Bahii'i Faith. He had mantle of Hand of Cause now falls upon the to return to Canada, entered the office of shoulders of his distinguished daughter, his brother Edward, but continued to corre- Amatu'l-Bahi Riihiyyih, who has already spond with Miss Bolles in the hope she rendered and is still rendering no less meri- would marry him. At last Mrs. Bolles wrote torious self-sacrificing services at World 'Abdu'l-BahB and laid the situation before Center of Faith of BahB'uYllih. Him. He gave His permission for May Bolles to leave France, and blessed the mar- Haifa, Israel, riage. In 1902 they were married in Lon- March 26th, 1952. don. May Maxwell introduced the Faith to Canada, her home being its first Center. William Sutherland Maxwell was born She never liked the name of William for in Montreal, Canada, in 1874. On both sides her husband, and called him by his middle 6 57 658 THE BAHA 'f WORLD name, Sutherland, all her life-a name no His arrival Sutherland was waiting on the one else had ever used. Sutherland became platform as 'Abdu'l-Bahi's train drew in to the partner of his brother, and the Firm of ask Him most humbly to honor his home Edward and W. S. Maxwell became famous by being his guest. The Master accepted. throughout Canada; before World War I He loved Sutherland very much; He told they had the biggest architectural offices in his wife once during His three-day visit in the country. The engineering and business their house: "He is a very good man." He sense of the older brother, as well as his also admonished her not to neglect the fa- knowledge and fine taste, combined with ther, now that she had a child. The Max- the genius for proportion, design and de- wells had been childless up until their visit tail of the younger brother, turned out many to 'Akkl in 1909. At that time He had Canadian landmarks, such as: The Regina assured them He would pray for them to Parliament Buildings; Palliser Hotel, Cal- have a child. In 1910, Mary Sutherland, gary; Chateau Frontenac Hotel, Quebec; the their only child, had been born. Art Gallery, Church of the Messiah, and In order to appreciate Sutherland Max- Nurses Wing of Royal Victoria Hospital, in well, and the achievements of the last years Montreal, as well as many other public of his life, one has to recognize two great edifices and private homes. factors in his nature: The first is that he was In 1909, May and Sutherland Maxwell one of those souls whose nature is all good- made a pilgrimage together to the Prison ness. This is what led the Guardian of the City of 'Akkl, to visit 'Abdu'l-Bah& Suther- BahQi Faith to attest to his "saintly life" in land was not yet a convinced Bahfi. One his obituary cable. It is a nature not un- day at table, he said to 'Abdu'l-Bahl: "The common amongst the Scots. He was up- Christians worship God through Christ; my right, truthful, and never approached a hu- wife worships God through You; but I wor- man being except in courtesy, friendliness, ship Him direct." 'Abdu'l-Bahl smiled and and that graciousness that is the essence