The NuMI neutrino beam The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Adamson, P., K. Anderson, M. Andrews, R. Andrews, I. Anghel, D. Augustine, A. Aurisano, et al. 2016. “The NuMI Neutrino Beam.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 806 (January): 279–306. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.08.063. Published Version doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.08.063 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:30781092 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP The NuMI Neutrino Beam P. Adamsond, K. Andersond, M. Andrewsd, R. Andrewsd, I. Anghelv,i, D. Augustined, A. Aurisanoc, S. Avvakumovau, D. S. 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Zwaskad aLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA bCavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom cDepartment of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA Preprint submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, July 30, 2015 dFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA eRutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and TechnologiesFacilities Council, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom fDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom gLauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA hDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA iArgonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA jDepartment of Physics, University of Athens, GR-15771 Athens, Greece kDepartment of Physics, National Tech. University of Athens, GR-15780 Athens, Greece lPhysics Department, Benedictine University, Lisle, Illinois 60532, USA mBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA nAPC { Universit´eParis 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et L´eonieDuquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France oCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA pDepartment of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India qGE Healthcare, Florence South Carolina 29501, USA rDepartment of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA sHoly Cross College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA tDepartment of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA uDepartment of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA wIndiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA xHigh Energy Experimental Physics Department, ITEP, B. Cheremushkinskaya, 25, 117218 Moscow, Russia yPhysics Department, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA zNuclear Nonproliferation Division, Threat Reduction Directorate, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA aaNuclear Physics Department, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia abLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA acLos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA adSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom aeLincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, USA afUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA agMath, Science and Technology Department, University of Minnesota { Crookston, Crookston, Minnesota 56716, USA ahDepartment of Physics, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA aiCenter for Cosmology and Astro Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA ajOtterbein College, Westerville, Ohio 43081, USA akSubdepartment of Particle Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom alDepartment of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA amDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA anDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA aoInstitute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow Region RU-140284, Russia apDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, New York 14627 USA aqPhysics Department, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom 2 arDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA asSouth Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA atStanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, California 94309, USA auDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA avPhysics Department, St. John Fisher College, Rochester, New York 14618 USA awDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom axPhysics Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA ayDepartment of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1600, Austin, Texas 78712, USA azTech-X Corporation, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA baPhysics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA bbUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW-UNICAMP, CP 6165, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil bcInstituto de F´ısica, Universidade Federal de Goi´as,CP 131, 74001-970, Goi^ania,GO, Brazil bdInstituto de F´ısica, Universidade de S~aoPaulo, CP 66318, 05315-970, S~aoPaulo, SP, Brazil beDepartment of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland bfPhysics Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA bgDepartment of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA bhPhysics Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA biDeceased. Abstract This paper describes the hardware and operations of the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam at Fermilab. It elaborates on the design considerations for the beam as a whole and for individual elements. The most important design details of individual components are described. Beam monitoring systems and procedures, including the tuning and alignment of the beam and NuMI long- term performance, are also discussed. Keywords: Neutrinos, Long baseline, Beam, Target, Main Injector. 1. Introduction to The NuMI Beam The Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) neutrino beam [1, 2] was built at Fermilab to provide neutrinos for the MINOS [3] experiment, a long-baseline neutrino oscillation search, as well as for the COSMOS experiment [4], which was initially approved but subsequently