ISSN Print: 2518-4245 ISSN Online: 2518-4253 PROCEEDINGS Vol. 54(1), March 2017 OF THE PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES: A. Physical and Computational Sciences PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Founded 1953 Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, published since 1964, is quarterly journal of the Academy. It publishes original research papers and reviews in basic and applied sciences. All papers are peer reviewed. Authors are not required to be Fellows or Members of the Academy, or citizens of Pakistan. Editor-in-Chief: Abdul Rashid, Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Discipline Editors: Chemical Sciences: Peter Langer, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; [email protected] Chemical Sciences: Syed M. Qaim, Universität zu Köln D-52425, JÜLICH, Germany; [email protected] Computer Sciences: Sharifullah Khan, NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Engineering Sciences: Fazal A. 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Asghar Hashmi, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan; [email protected] Aynur Keskin Kaymakci, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey; [email protected] T. I. Khan, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, [email protected] Zhou Lang, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China, [email protected] Shaukat Mahmood, Mirpur University of Science & Technology, Mirpur, Pakistan; [email protected] Waqar Mahmood, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan; [email protected] Onaiza Maqbool, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Nadeem Mufti, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan; [email protected] Adele Maria Muscolo, University Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Italy; [email protected] Naveed K. Piracha, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH, USA; [email protected] Martin C. 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HEC Recognized, Category X; PM&DC Recognized Published by Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 3 Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: 92-5 1-920 7140 & 921 5478; Fax: 92-51-920 6770; Website: www.paspk.org Printed at PanGraphics (Pvt) Ltd., No. 1, I & T Centre, G-7/l, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: 92-51-220 2272, 220 2449 Fax: 92-51-220 2450 E-mail: [email protected] PROCEEDINGS OF THE PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES: A. Physical and Computational Sciences C O N T E N T S Volume 54, No. 1, March 2017 Page Research Articles On Linked Open Data (LOD)-based Semantic Video Annotation Systems 1 — Mumtaz Khan, Shah Khusro, and Irfan Ullah Practices for Clients in the Adoption of Hybrid Cloud 13 — Siffat Ullah Khan, and Naeem Ullah A Polarization Dependent Electromagnetic Band Gap based Circularly Polarized Low Profile Dipole Antenna for WLAN Application 33 — Asaf Khan, Shahid Bashir, M. Salman Khan, and Khadim Ullah Empirical Exploration of Communication and Coordination Practices in Offshore Software Development Outsourcing 41 — Rafiq Ahmad Khan, and Siffat Ullah Khan Analysis of Vulnerability of Keys in a Watermarking System for Attack Susceptibility 55 — Wahid Rehman, Aihab Khan, and Basheer Ahmad Risks Mitigation Practices for Multi-Sourcing Vendors in Green Software Development 71 — Muhammad Salam and Siffat Ullah Khan Development and Characterization of Ni55Ti45 Shape Memory Alloy for Biomedical Applications 89 — Aqsa Amir, Shabbar Atiq, Waheed Ahmad, Ayisha Saleem, and Hafiza Haseebah Modification of the Mechanical Properties of Ti-Al-V Alloys with Variation of Aluminum 95 — Aqsa Amir, Shabbar Atiq, Athar Ibrahim, Afeera Qamar, Ume Habiba, and Natasha Khalil Instructions for Authors 109 Submission of Manuscripts: Manuscripts may be submitted as E-mail attachment at [email protected]. Authors must consult the Instructions for Authors at the end of this issue or at the Website: www.paspk.org Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Pakistan Academy of Sciences A. Physical and Computational Sciences 54 (1): 1–12 (2017) Copyright © Pakistan Academy of Sciences ISSN: 2518-4245 (print), 2518-4253 (online) Research Article On Linked Open Data (LOD)-based Semantic Video Annotation Systems Mumtaz Khan, Shah Khusro*, and Irfan Ullah Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan Abstract: The advent of Web 2.0 and the rapid growth of video annotation systems have resulted in huge multimedia repositories where multimedia has become among the primary contents that are available on the Web. Annotating videos enable users in easily searching and retrieving multimedia contents on the Web. This practice also enables these systems to share multimedia contents as well. Annotations, if used properly, could be among the key factors in improving search efficiency, interoperability, video indexing and multimedia content analysis. However, user-generated annotations for multimedia content still remain inaccessible to the web of data. The available video-annotation systems provide format-dependent annotations in a proprietary manner. In addition, these annotations are just used within a single system and often cannot be reused, shared, linked, and explored by other communities. This paper aims at video searching problems in different traditional and currently available video-sharing web applications with their annotation tools and their limitations and shortcomings. In addition, this paper focuses on pointing out video searching problem in different ontology-based video-sharing web applications and video annotation systems. We are also investigating the distinguishing features of different LOD-based video-sharing web applications and LOD-based video annotation systems as well as focusing on new research trends to make it an access point for further readings. Keywords: Multimedia, linked open data (LOD), annotations, video annotation, semantic video annotation systems, ontology searching and browsing difficult. In order to 1. INTRODUCTION handle this dilemma, video annotation systems The rapid growth of several video annotation have been proposed from time to time. However, systems including YouTube1, Vimeo2, Youku3, the lack of a transparent integration with LOD and Myspace4, VideoANT5, SemTube6, and Semantic Web technologies, their usefulness is Nicovideo7 have generated large amount of buried in the ocean of the huge data of the Web. multimedia content on the Web that is frequently This is why multimedia is still treated as foreign searched, browsed, and shared. These videos are content to the Web [1]. In addition, although important because of their multi-purpose usage in several annotation tools have been proposed, but e-commerce, advertising, education, linguistic, they are limited in supporting collaborative video entertainment, news, product reviews and so on. annotation in order to create a shared structured Similarly, video browsing, serialization, linking, knowledge, which can be reused, shared, linked, sharing, categorization and filtering is essential in browsed, queried, and explored by other enabling users to locate videos that meet their communities [2, 3]. needs and interests. However, the unstructured Most of these systems use high-level semantics nature of videos makes all these aspects of video in browsing and searching videos such as title, tags and caption etc. In addition, some domain-specific 1 http://www.youtube.com vocabularies have been used in annotations for 2 https://www.vimeo.com 3http://www.youku.com/ referring to the defined agreed concepts [4]. 4https://myspace.com/ However, this activity is highly time-consuming, 5http://ant.umn.edu/ expensive and needs high-level expertise. Therefore, 6 http://metasound.dibet.univpm.it:8080/semtube/index.html 7 the solution to all these mentioned problems is only http://www.nicovideo.jp/ ———————————————— Received, January 2016; Accepted, March 2017 * Corresponding author: Shah Khusro; Email: [email protected] 2 Mumtaz Khan et al possible if Semantic Web technologies especially potentials