DEAF INTERPRETING IN EUROPE Exploring best practice in the field Christopher Stone, Editor 1 Deaf Interpreting in Europe. Exploring best practice in the field. Editor: Christopher Stone. Danish Deaf Association. 2018. ISBN 978-87-970271-0-3 Co-funded by the Erasmus+ programme of the European Union FSupportedunded by bythe the Co-funded by the Erasmus+ programmeprogramme Erasmus+ programme of the European Union of the European UnionUnion 2 How to access the emblem You can download the emblem from our website in two different formats. After downloading the .zip file, please click 'extract all files' or unzip the folder to access the .eps file required. The different formats are: . JPG: standard image format (no transparency). Ideal for web use because of the small file size. EPS: requires illustration software such as Adobe Illustrator. Recommended for professional use on promotional items and design. Some visual do’s and don’ts ✓. Do resize the emblem if needed. The minimum size it can be is 10mm in height. Co-funded by the Erasmus+ programme of the European Union Co-funded by the Erasmus+ programme of the European Union Preface This publication is the outcome of the Erasmus+ project Developing Deaf Interpreting. The project has been underway since September 2015 and has been a cooperation between Higher Educational Institutions in Europe undertaking deaf interpreter training, as well as national and European NGOs in the field. The project partners are: Institute for German Sign Language (IDGS) at Hamburg University, Coimbra Polytechnic Institute (IPC), Humak University of Applied Sciences, European Forum of Sign Language Interpreters (efsli), and the Danish Deaf Association (DDA). The studies in this publication are the result of a collaboration between deaf and hearing researchers. These include: Christian Rathmann, Simone Scholl, Christian Peters (Hamburg University), Isabel Correia, Amilcar Furtado, Neuza Santana, Rafaela Cota Da Silva, and Joana Da Silva Conde E Sousa (Coimbra Polytechnic Institute), Päivi Rainò, Liisa Halkosaari, Outi Ahonen, Outi Mäkelä, Tytti Koslonen (Humak University of Applied Sciences), Mette Sommer, Karen Talks, Bo Hårdell, and Tinne Lund (DDA), and Christopher Stone and Sofia Isari (efsli). Each contribution has been written specifically for this publication and draws upon data collec- ted during the project. Each partner has engaged in areas of their own interest and expertise culminating in this volume. Partner meetings have enabled the discussion and further explora- tion of the themes raised in the contributions and we are grateful for the lively discussions that have enabled this project to bear fruit. We hope that this publication will give a clearer picture of what is currently happening and the future directions in which the field of interpreting may develop. Our hope is that we will arrive in a place where the needs of the situation, and the skills and expertise of individual interpreters bring to bear on that situation are prioritised over and above the hearing status (deaf or hearing) of the interpreter. This does however, presuppose that interpreting services are tailored to the needs of the service users and service providers which with financial and system changes is ever less the case. We are extremely grateful to a large number of people. Firstly, we want to thank all the deaf interpreters who have been willing to share their experiences with the researchers and all the participants who engaged in the research that enabled this publication to be achieved. We also want to thank the national and regional deaf associations, the national and regional associa- tions of sign language interpreters, and the educational institutions of sign language interpreter training for taking time to participate in the questionnaire survey. Thank you to the deaf and hearing interpreters for their professional interpreting at the trans- national meetings. Financial support for this project was provided by the National Agency in Denmark and Erasmus+. 3 Contributors AMILCAR FURTADO is a native Portuguese Sign Language teacher and an Interpreter. He teach- es in bilingual schools for the deaf and he also teaches Portuguese Sign Language, Portuguese Sign Language Didactics among others at Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra- College of Educa- tion. He is a poet and his research interests are deaf poetry and International Sign. CHRISTIAN PETERS is a lecturer for sign language, sign language translation and sign language interpreting in the Department of Deaf Studies and Interpreting which is housed in the Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany. He also works as a freelance translator and interpreter. CHRISTOPHER STONE is a Senior Lecturer in Deaf Studies and Interpreting at University of Wolverhampton. His research interests are: Deaf Interpreters, sign language and sign language interpreting history, television interpreting and translation, interpreter aptitude, L2 language development, interpreter and translator professionalization ISABEL CORREIA is a post.doc. Ph.D. and professor at Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra College of Education. Her research interests are sign languages, linguistics, especially morphology, International Sign, and interpretation. JOANA RITA DA SILVA CONDE E SOUSA is a specialist on Interpreting and a professor at Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra-College of Education. Her research interests are sign language interpretation, International Sign, deaf studies, and accessibility and inclusion. KAREN TALKS is MA Sc. in sociology and is working as an analysis consultant in the Danish Deaf Association. Her research interests are social interactions between deaf and hearing, deaf studies, inclusion, sign language interpreting, sociolinguistics, minority and majority. LIISA HALKOSAARI is a senior lecturer at Humak University of Applied Sciences, with a BA in interpreting (2002) and MA in Finnish Sign Language (2013). She has long-standing experience in being involved with the Finnish Association of SL Interpreters (SVT) and the editorial board of SVT’s publication, Kielisilta. She currently teaches interpreting and Sign Language, and manages a project that aims to revitalise Finland-Swedish SL. NEUZA ALEXANDRA MARCELINO SANTANA is a specialist on Interpreting and a professor at Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra-College of Education. Her research interests are Portuguese Sign Language, International Sign, interpretation, deaf studies, and linguistics. OUTI AHONEN is a senior lecturer at Humak University of Applied Sciences, with an MA in Education and 20 years of experience in interpreter training. She is a PhD student, doing an ethnographic study on Deaf people in Carelia. She is the president of the Finnish Society of Deaf History. She currently teaches Sign Language and interpreting and is involved in several international projects. 4 PÄIVI RAINÒ was until September 2017 a Principal Lecturer in Sign Language Interpreting at Humak University of Applied Sciences. Besides lexicology and onomasiology in signed languages her research areas include studies on demographics and linguistic accessibility among deaf and hard-of-hearing people. Her PhD project, completed in 2004 focused on the emergence and development of the name sign system in the community of Sign Language users in Finland. Dr. Rainò has also worked within the field of intralingual subtitling and speech-to-text services for deaf and hard-of-hearing people. She has published approximately 100 academic articles and other publications, as well as multimedia productions in the areas of Sign Language linguistics, Culture of Deaf People and Finnish as Second Language. RAFAELA COTA DA SILVA is a master and interpreter at Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra College of Education. Her research interests are signwriting, interpretation, linguistics, and deaf studies. SIMONE SCHOLL has been working for the Institute for German Sign Language (University of Hamburg) since 1990, teaching interpreting practice and theory in a study programme for Sign Language interpreters, which was established in 1992. The programme offers a BA and MA degree in interpreting, the latter offering a specialization in court room and conference inter- preting. Since 2002 she is also involved in a training programme for Deaf interpreters and trans- lators. Beside that she has been an active interpreter for the past 30 years. SOFIA ISARI is a efsliDI Chair and also EUD board member. She is also a deaf interpreter for many years as a volunteer. She is a Kindergarten teacher of the Deaf school in Athens since 2015. She is a member of the Association of Greek Sign Language Teachers, involved for many years as an external examiner in GSL first level exams, organized by the Greek Federation of the Deaf. She has experience in the development and implementation of bilingual programs, in the develop- ment of materials for GSL teaching, in sign language teaching as L1 for kindergarten, in sign language teaching as L2 to adults, hearing parents of deaf children or other stakeholders. TINNE LUND is a certified sign language interpreter and holds a BA in linguistics. She is currently studying linguistics at the MA-level, as well as working as a freelance interpreter. Her research interests are the morphology and syntax of Danish Sign Language. 5 Table of Contents Preface.......................................................................................................................................................3 Contributors .........................................................................................................................................