SUNNINGDALE SCHOOL DOXFORD PARK WAY SUNDERLAND TYNE AND WEAR DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2021 Sunningdale School, Doxford Park Way, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Local Planning Authority: Sunderland City Council Central National Grid Reference: NZ 36929 52880 Written and Researched by: Scott Vance Project Manager: Aaron Goode Commissioning Client: Sunderland City Council Contractor: Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd (Durham) The Rope Works Broadwood View Chester-le-Street County Durham DH3 3AF Tel: 0191 377 1111 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.pre-construct.com © Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd January 2021 The material contained herein is and remains the sole property of Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd and is not for publication to third parties without prior consent. Whilst every effort has been made to provide detailed and accurate information, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies herein contained. Sunningdale School, Doxford Park Way, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear: An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment. ©Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, January 2021 DOCUMENT VERIFICATION SUNNINGDALE SCHOOL, DOXFORD PARK WAY, SUNDERLAND, TYNE AND WEAR AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT Pre-Construct Archaeology Limited Quality Control Project Number K6963 Site Code n/a Report Number R14358 Task Name Date Text prepared by: Scott Vance January 2021 Text checked by: Jennifer Proctor January 2021 Graphics prepared by: Mark Roughley January 2021 Graphics checked by: Hayley Baxter January 2021 Manager sign-off: Jennifer Proctor 12 January 2021 Revision No. Date Checked by Approved by Pre-Construct Archaeology Limited Durham Office The Rope Works Broadwood View Chester-le-Street County Durham DH3 3AF PCA Report Number: R14358 2 Sunningdale School, Doxford Park Way, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear: An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment. ©Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, January 2021 CONTENTS 1 Non-Technical Summary .......................................................................................................................5 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................6 2.1 Origin and Scope of the Project ......................................................................................................6 2.2 Report Objectives ...........................................................................................................................6 2.3 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................7 3 The Site and Proposed Scheme ......................................................................................................... 11 3.1 The Site ....................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 The Proposed Development ........................................................................................................ 11 4 Planning Background .......................................................................................................................... 12 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 12 4.2 National Policy: National Planning Policy Framework ................................................................. 12 4.3 Site Specific Planning Background.............................................................................................. 13 5 Landscape, Geological and Topographical Context ........................................................................... 14 5.1 Landscape Context ...................................................................................................................... 14 5.2 Geological Context ...................................................................................................................... 14 5.3 Topography .................................................................................................................................. 16 6 Archaeological and Historical Background ......................................................................................... 17 6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 17 6.2 Prehistoric (450,000 BC – 43 AD) ............................................................................................... 17 6.3 Roman (AD 43 – AD 410) ............................................................................................................ 17 6.4 Early Medieval (AD 411 - 1065) .................................................................................................. 17 6.5 Medieval (AD 1066 - 1540) .......................................................................................................... 17 6.6 Post-Medieval (AD 1540 - 1800) ................................................................................................. 19 6.7 Early Modern (AD 1801 to 1900) ................................................................................................. 19 6.8 Modern (AD 1901 to present) ...................................................................................................... 20 7 Archaeological Potential ..................................................................................................................... 22 7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................ 22 7.2 Prehistoric .................................................................................................................................... 22 7.3 Roman ......................................................................................................................................... 22 7.4 Early Medieval ............................................................................................................................. 22 7.5 Medieval ...................................................................................................................................... 22 7.6 Post-Medieval .............................................................................................................................. 22 7.7 Early Modern ............................................................................................................................... 22 7.8 Modern ......................................................................................................................................... 23 8 Impact on Buried Archaeological Deposits ......................................................................................... 24 8.1 Previous Land Use and Existing Impacts .................................................................................... 24 8.2 Impact of Proposed Development on the Archaeological Resource ........................................... 24 8.3 Ground Soil Contamination ......................................................................................................... 24 8.4 Existing Services ......................................................................................................................... 25 9 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................ 26 10 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................ 27 10.1 Written Sources........................................................................................................................ 27 10.2 Cartographic Sources .............................................................................................................. 27 10.3 Online Sources......................................................................................................................... 27 PCA Report Number: R14358 3 Sunningdale School, Doxford Park Way, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear: An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment. ©Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, January 2021 11 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. 28 APPENDIX 1: Figures ................................................................................................................................ 29 Figure 1: Site Location ............................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 2: Detailed Site Location ................................................................................................................. 31 Figure 3: Plate Locations and Directions ................................................................................................... 32 Figure 4: Proposed Development Plan ...................................................................................................... 33 Figure 5: Tyne and Wear HER locations ................................................................................................... 34 Figure 6: Ordnance Survey, 1861 .............................................................................................................