ELECTRIC RESEARCH Advanced Systems & MANAGEMENT, INC. FINAL REPORT ON MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELD TESTING OF THE AMTRAK AND METRO NORTH NORTHEAST CORRIDOR AND NEW JERSEY TRANSIT NORTH JERSEY COAST LINE RAIL SYSTEMS VOLUME I - ANALYSIS prepared for: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION CONTRACT NO. DTFR53-91-C-00047 prepared by: ELECTRIC RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT, INC. P.O. BOX 165 STATE COLLEGE, PA 16804 MARCH 1993 SYSTEME INTERNATIONAL (SI) UNIT DEFINITIONS AND CONVERSIONS USED IN THIS REPORT DISTANCE (ENGLISH-TO-SI CONVERSION): 1 inch (in) = 2.54 centimeters (cm) = 0.025 meters (m) 1 foot (ft) = 30.5 centimeters (cm) = 0.305 meters (m) 1 yard (Yd) = 91.4 centimeters (cm) = 0.914 meters (m) 1 mile (mi) = 1.61 kilometers (km) = 1,610 meters (m) ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES: Electric Fields 1 Volt/meter (V/m) = 0.01 Volts/centimeter (V/cm) 1 kiloVolt/meter (kV/m) = 1000 Volts/meter (V/m) 1 kiloVolt/meter (kV/m) = 10 Volts/centimeter (V/cm) Magnetic Flux Densities (English-to-SI Conversion) 10,000 Gauss (G) = 1 Tesla (T) 10 milliGauss (mG) = 1 microTesla (juT) 1 milliGauss (mG) = .1 microTesla (/iT) 0.01 milliGauss (mG) = 1 nanoTesla (nT) Electromagnetic Frequency Bands 1 cycle per second = 1 Hertz (Hz) 1,000 cycles per second = 1 kiloHertz (kHz) Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) Band 0 Hz to 3 HZ Extreme Low Frequency (ELF) Band 3 Hz to 3 kHz Very Low Frequency (VLF) Band 3 kHz to 30 kHz Low Frequency (LF) Band 30 kHz to 300 kHz i TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I ~ ANALYSIS PAGE 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................... 1-1 1.1 Background ......................................... 1-1 1.2 Measurement Approach ............................... 1-3 1.3 Summary of Electrified Railroad Field Levels ...... 1-3 1.3.1 Coaches .................................. 1-3 1.3.2 Locomotive Cabs ......................... 1-4 1.3.3 Railroad Waysides ....................... 1-6 1.3.4 Station Platforms ....................... 1-6 1.3.5 Electric Power Substations ............. 1-7 1.3.6 Control Facilities ...................... 1-7 1.4 Comparison of Electric and Magnetic Fields of Different Electro-technologies .................... 1-7 1.4.1 Static Fields ........ 1-8 1.4.2 Frequency Spectrum ...................... 1-8 1.4.3 Time Characteristics .................... 1-9 1.4.4 Amplitude Characteristics .............. 1-9 1.4.4.1 Coaches ........................ 1-9 1.4.4.2 Locomotive Cabs .............. 1-11 1.4.4.3 Wayside ...................... 1-11 1.4.4.4 Passenger Stations ........... 1-11 1.4.4.5 Substations .................. 1-15 2.0 OVERVIEW ................................................. 2-1 2.1 Report Organization ................................ 2-1 2.2 Background ......................................... 2-1 2.2.1 Natural Magnetic Field Characteristics ......................... 2-2 2.2.2 Technological Magnetic Field Perturbations ........................... 2-2 2.2.3 Electric and Magnetic Fields and Biological Effects ................. 2-3 2.3 An Approach to Organizing Electromagnetic Data ... 2-4 2.4 Instrumentation .................................... 2-7 2.4.1 Portable Waveform Capture System ...... 2-7 2.4.2 Digital Audio Tape Recorder ............ 2-8 2.4.3 EMDEX-II Recorders ...................... 2-8 2.4.4 Magnetic Field Profiler ................ 2-9 i i i TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D) VOLUME I - ANALYSIS PAGE 2.5 Repetitive Waveform Data ............. 2-9 2.6 DAT Waveform Data ................................. 2-10 2.7 RMS Recorder Data ................................. 2-10 2.8 Overview of Railroad Facilities .................. 2-10 2.8.1 ’ Locomotives ............................. 2-20 2.8.2 Route ....... 2-22 2.8.3 Electrification ................... 2-23 3.0 MEASUREMENTS ONBOARD COACH ......... .................... 3-1 3.1 Measurement Locations ....... ..... 3-2 3.2 Repetitive Waveform Datasets ...................... 3-4 3.3 Field Source Identification ....................... 3-4 3.4 DAT Waveform Data .... ............................ 3-22 3.5 RMS Recorder Data ................................. 3-24 3.6 Summary and Discussion of Magnetic Field Levels . 3-34 3.6.1 Magnetic Fields on the 25 Hz Section .. 3-36 3.6.2 Magnetic Fields on the 60 Hz Section .. 3-44 3.6.3 Magnetic Fields on the Non- Electrified Section .................... 3-49 3.6.4 Magnetic Fields on the North Jersey Coast Line ........ 3-54 3.6.5 Effects of Electrification Technology on Electric and Magnetic Fields ........................ 3-59 3.7 Electric Field Sources and Levels ............... 3-73 4.0 ENGINEER'S COMPARTMENT MEASUREMENTS .................... 4-1 4.1 Measurement Locations ....... 4-1 4.2 Repetitive Waveform Datasets ...................... 4-3 4.3 Field Source Identification ....................... 4-4 4.4 DAT Waveform Data ................................. 4-20 4.5 RMS Recorder Data ................................. 4-21 4.6 Summary of Magnetic Field Levels ................ 4-22 4.6.1 Magnetic Fields on the 25 Hz Section .. 4-25 4.6.2 Magnetic Fields on the 60 Hz Section .. 4-28 4.6.3 Magnetic Fields on the Non- Electrified Section .... ............. 4-34 4.6.4 Magnetic Fields on the North Jersey Coast Line ...................... 4-34 4.6.5 Effects of Electrification Technology ............................ 4-40 i v TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D) VOLUME I ~ ANALYSIS PAGE 4.7 Summary of Electric Field Levels ................ 4-54 5.0 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS ALONG THE WAYSIDE ....................................... 5-1 5.1 Measurement Locations ............................. 5-1 5.2 Repetitive Waveform Datasets ...................... 5-3 5.3 Field Source Identification ....................... 5-3 5.4 DAT Waveform Data .................................. 5-6 5.5 RMS Recorder Data ................................. 5-10 5.6 Summary of Magnetic Field Levels ................ 5-10 5.6.1 Magnetic Fields on the 25 Hz Section .. 5-11 5.6.2 Magnetic Fields on the 60 Hz Section .. 5-11 5.6.3 Magnetic Fields on the North Jersey Coast Line ..................... 5-14 5.6.4 Magnetic Field Attenuation ............ 5-22 5.6.5 Effects of Electrification T e c h n o l o g y ............................. 5-22 5.7 Summary of Electric Field Levels ................ 5-28 6.0 PASSENGER STATION ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS ...................................... 6-1 6.1 Measurement Locations ............................. 6-1 6.2 Repetitive Waveform Datasets ...................... 6-1 6.3 Field Source Identification ....................... 6-4 6.4 DAT Waveform Data .................................. 6-6 6.5 RMS Recorder Data .................................. 6-9 6.6 Summary of Magnetic Field Levels ................ 6-11 6.7 Summary of Electric Field Levels ................ 6-18 7.0 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS NEAR POWER SUBSTATIONS ................................. 7-1 7.1 Measurement Locations ............................. 7-1 7.2 Repetitive Waveform Datasets ...................... 7-4 7.3 Portable Profiler Data ............................ 7-4 7.4 Field Source Identification ....................... 7-6 7.5 RMS Recorder Data ................................. 7-16 7.6 Summary of Magnetic Field Levels ................ 7-16 7.6.1 Princeton Junction 25 Hz Substation ... 7-16 7.6.2 Mt. Vernon 60 Hz Substation ........... 7-20 7.6.3 Red Bank 60 Hz Substation ........ ... 7-24 7.6.4 Effects of Electrification Technology . 7-28 v TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D) VOLUME X ~ ANALYSIS PAGE 7.7 Summary of Electric Field Levels ................ 7-28 8.0 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS IN RAIL TRAFFIC CONTROL FACILITIES ..................... 8-1 8.1 Measurement Locations ....................... 8-1 8.2 Repetitive Waveform Datasets ...................... 8-1 8.3 Field Source Identification ....................... 8-4 8.4 RMS Recorder Data .................................. 8-7 8.5 Summary of Magnetic Field Levels ................. 8-7 8.6 Summary of Electric Field Levels ................ 8-10 9.0 CONCLUSIONS .............................................. 9-1 9.1 Summary of Electrified Railroad Field Levels .... 9-1 9.1.1 Coaches .................................. 9-2 9.1.2 Locomotive Cabs ......................... 9-2 9.1.3 Railroad Waysides ........................ 9-2 9.1.4 Station Platforms ....................... 9-3 9.1.5 Electric Power Substations ............. 9-4 9.1.6 Control Facilities ...................... 9-4 ( 9.2 Effects of Electrification Technology ............. 9-4 9.3 Other Environmental Magnetic Field Levels ......... 9-8 9.4 Comparison of Railroad Fields to Other Environmental Fields .............................. 9-12 9.4.1 Static Fields .......................... 9-12 9.4.2 Frequency Spectra ...................... 9-12 9.4.3 Time Characteristics ................... 9-14 9.4.4 Amplitude Characteristics ............. 9-14 9.4.4.1 Coaches ...................... 9-15 9.4.4.2 Locomotive Cabs ............. 9-15 9.4.4.3 Wayside ......... 9-15 9.4.4.4 Passenger Stations .......... 9-19 9.4.4.5 Substations .................. 9-23 9.4.4.6 Control Areas ............... 9-23 9.5 Comparison of NEC Fields to Existing Standards .. 9-23 9.5.1 World Health Organization ............. 9-27 9.5.2 International Radiation Protection Association ................ 9-28 9.5.3 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists .... 9-29 9.5.4 State Power Line Limits ............... 9-29 v i TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D) VOLUME I ~ ANALYSIS PAGE 10.0 REFERENCES .............................................. 10-1 VOLUME