University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Master's Theses University of Connecticut Graduate School 5-7-2011 The seU of Motion Analysis Technology as an Alternative Means of Assessing Spinal Deformity in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Matthew .J Solomito University of Connecticut - Storrs, [email protected] Recommended Citation Solomito, Matthew J., "The sU e of Motion Analysis Technology as an Alternative Means of Assessing Spinal Deformity in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis" (2011). Master's Theses. 74. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/74 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Connecticut Graduate School at OpenCommons@UConn. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of OpenCommons@UConn. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Use of Motion Analysis Technology as an Alternative Means of Assessing Spinal Deformity in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Matthew John Solomito B.S., Western New England College, 2007 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science at the University of Connecticut 2011 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................2 1.1.0 Anatomy ..........................................................................................................2 1.1.1 Scoliosis ..........................................................................................................5 1.1.2 Radiation Exposure .......................................................................................11 1.1.3 Motion Analysis ............................................................................................12 1.2 Pilot Work.............................................................................................................19 2.0 Methods .................................................................................................................21 2.1 Marker Configuration ......................................................................................22 2.2 X-ray Frame .....................................................................................................24 2.3 Subjects ............................................................................................................26 2.4 Subject testing ..................................................................................................27 2.5 Matlab ..............................................................................................................30 2.6 Static Calculations ...........................................................................................32 2.7 Dynamic Calculations ......................................................................................42 2.8 Filtering ............................................................................................................49 2.9 Validation .........................................................................................................51 3.0 Results ...................................................................................................................53 3.1 Subject Demographics .....................................................................................53 3.2 Validation .........................................................................................................53 3.3 Static Results ....................................................................................................57 3.4 Dynamic Results ..............................................................................................61 4.0 Discussion..............................................................................................................72 4.1 Model Considerations ......................................................................................72 4.2 Validation .........................................................................................................73 4.3 Static Analysis .................................................................................................75 4.4 Dynamic Analysis ............................................................................................79 4.5 Clinical Considerations ....................................................................................82 4.6 Limitations .......................................................................................................85 4.7 Future Work .....................................................................................................86 5.0 Conclusion ............................................................................................................87 6.0 Reference ..............................................................................................................89 7.0 Appendix A ...........................................................................................................91 iii List of Figures Figure 1: Illustration of vertebra ...................................................................................2 Figure 2: Oblique view of spine ...................................................................................3 Figure 3: Sagittal vertical alignment .............................................................................8 Figure 4: Coronal vertical alignment ............................................................................9 Figure 5: Cobb angle ...................................................................................................10 Figure 6: Marker configuration by Frigo ....................................................................15 Figure 7: Marker configuration by Engsberg .............................................................16 Figure 8: Marker configuration by Cerveri .................................................................17 Figure 9: Marker configuration by Masso and Gorton ...............................................19 Figure 10: Marker set in this work ..............................................................................22 Figure 11: X-ray positioning frame ............................................................................24 Figure 12: Schematics for X-ray frame ......................................................................25 Figure 13: Global coordinate system ..........................................................................28 Figure 14: Illustration of bending tasks .....................................................................29 Figure 15: Program flow chart ....................................................................................30 Figure 16: Angle of kyphosis .....................................................................................34 Figure 17: Proximal angle ...........................................................................................36 Figure 18: Primary pelvic axis ....................................................................................43 Figure 19: Temporary axis ..........................................................................................44 Figure 20: Z-axis of pelvis ..........................................................................................44 Figure 21: Y-axis of pelvis .........................................................................................45 Figure 22: Primary mid-thorax axis ............................................................................46 Figure 23: Primary upper thorax axis .........................................................................47 Figure 24: Comparison of filter cutoff frequencies ....................................................50 Figure 25: Comparison of filter order .........................................................................51 Figure 26: Validation test with manual goniometer ...................................................52 Figure 27: Comparison of Matlab and Vicon output-test subject ...............................56 Figure 28: Comparison of Matlab and Vicon output-control subject .........................56 Figure 29: Kinematic profiles of anatomic motion in lateral bending ........................62 Figure 30: Kinematic profiles of spine motion in lateral bending ..............................64 Figure 31: Kinematic profiles of anatomic motion in axial rotation ..........................65 Figure 32: Kinematic profiles of spine motion in axial rotation .................................67 Figure 33: Kinematic profiles of anatomic motion in flexion task .............................69 Figure 34: Kinematic profiles of spine motion in flexion task ...................................71 Figure 35: Comparison of Center of Pressure for control and test groups .................75 Figure 36: Graphical representation of spinal curves .................................................83 Figure 37: Graphical representation of static analysis results ....................................83 iv List of Tables Table 1: Pilot work asymmetry results .......................................................................19 Table 2: Pilot work center of pressure results .............................................................20 Table 3: Pilot work static analysis results ...................................................................20