EARLY CHURCH MEDIEVAL CHURCH REFORMING CHURCH MISSIONARY CHURCH MODERN CHURCH DEDICATION For my parents, George and Irene Ginther, who have lived their lives as examples of Christian living to their children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. For my husband, Sandy Finlayson, who’s continued love and encouragement makes it possible for me to write about the things that matter CONTENTS PART 1 PART 2 PART 3 THE EARLY CHURCH 3 MEDIEVAL CHURCH 16 REFORMING CHURCH 28 Beginning at the beginning ......................................3 The long-haired King ................................................ 17 The Reformation: How it all began ...................... 29 Timeline: Early church 33-100 AD* .........................4 Timeline: Early Middle Ages 497-1000 ................ 18 Timeline: Reforming Church 1500-1530 ............ 30 The first missionary .......................................................6 When did the Bishop of Rome become What happened next ................................................ 32 the Pope? ....................................................................... 20 Map of Paul’s journeys .................................................7 Translating the Bible.................................................. 33 What is Islam? .............................................................. 21 Timeline: Early church 100-314 AD .........................8 Timeline: Reforming Church 1532-1546 ............ 34 Timeline: High Middle Ages 1000-1300 ............. 22 Dying for God .............................................................. 10 How the Catholic church responded .................. 36 2 Churches: East & West ........................................... 24 Getting it wrong ......................................................... 11 The five solas ................................................................ 37 The Crusades: What were they fighting for? ....... 25 Timeline: Early church 315 – 500 .......................... 12 Timeline: Reforming Church 1547-1598 ............ 38 Timeline: Late middle ages 1300-1500 ............... 26 The two C’s .................................................................... 14 Protestant denominations ...................................... 40 How we got our Bible ............................................... 15 What about the eastern church? .......................... 41 Timeline: Reforming Church [Puritans] .............. 42 PART 4 PART 5 MISSIONARY CHURCH 44 MODERN CHURCH 58 God’s wonder of the age .......................................... 45 Revival in Korea ........................................................... 59 Conclusion .................................................................... 70 Timeline: Missionary church 1700-1799 ............ 46 Timeline: Modern Church 1900-1938 ................. 60 Bibliography ................................................................. 71 The great awakenings in America ........................ 48 Ecumenicalism and the social gospel ................. 62 Image Index .................................................................. 73 Praising God ................................................................. 49 Modern Martyrs .......................................................... 63 Large timeline .........................................Centre pages Timeline: Missionary church 1700-1855 ............ 50 Timeline: Modern Church 1939-1965 ................. 64 Going out into all the world ................................... 52 Important people in the modern church .......... 66 Timeline: Missionary Church 1856-1900 ............ 54 Timeline: Modern Church 1966-2010 ................. 68 Becoming liberal ......................................................... 56 Marching for God ....................................................... 57 EARLY CHURCH BEGINNING AT THE BEGINNING Euphrates River Dan erusalem was crowded with Meanwhile 120 people of Jesus’ followers were Tyre Mediterranean Sea Mt Hermon (The Great Sea) Capernaum people from all around the gathered in a large house near the temple. They were Cana Sea of Babylon Galilee Nippur Nazareth Roman Empire and beyond. It was praying when all of a sudden a very loud sound, like a Mt Carmel Larsa ISRAEL Samaria fifty days after Passover and the strong wind, filled the house. As they looked around at Ur time for all Jews and converts to each other they could see what looked like a tongue of Joppa Jordan River Bethel Amman Jerusalem Jericho Judaism to gather for Pentecost, an annual harvest flame resting on each head. But it did not burn them. Bethany Mt. Nebo Persian Bethlehem Gulf Nile River festival. But this year, 33 AD, was different from other Instead they were filled with the Holy Spirit and given Delta Dead Sea Beersheba (Salt Sea) R.Nile PHILISTINES Arabian years. Everyone was talking about the crucifixion a gift to speak in different languages. Amazed, but MOAB Desert Rameses Oboth Iye Abarim of a man called Jesus, who had called himself the knowing what to do, Jesus’ followers left the house Succoth Desert of Shur Nile River Delta Kadesh Barnea Pithom Son of God. Those who had been in Jerusalem then, and went to the temple courtyard where thousands EDOM recalled the sudden darkness on that day and the of people were gathered for the festival. Then each LAND OF SEIR curtain in the temple being torn down the middle one began to speak in the language they were given, thought Jesus’ followers were drunk. Then Peter stood by unseen hands. And most unsettling were the telling the story of Jesus death and resurrection and up on a platform to speak to the entire crowd. stories that this man Jesus had come back to life why it had to happen. Everyone standing in the three days after his terrible death. His followers temple courtyard could understand the message in The throng of people quieted down and listened claimed to have seen and talked to him before he their own language and were amazed. Some were intently while Peter spoke. He too told the story rose up to heaven. Could all this be true? frightened by this miracle, and some laughed. They of Jesus, quoting verses from the Old Testament scriptures to show that this was all part of God’s plan to save his people from their sinful condition. Peter also told them that they were responsible for Jesus’ terrible death because they had refused to listen to him and accept him as the Messiah, God’s own Son. He urged them to repent of their sins and turn to God in faith, and then be baptised to show their faith publicly. The Holy Spirit gave Peter such power to speak that those that listened were convicted of their sinful hearts. That day 3,000 people believed, repented of the sins and were baptised by Jesus’ apostles. That day the early church began. EARLY CHURCH 3 TIMELINE: EARLY CHURCH 33-100 AD* JESUS DIED PENTECOST STEPHEN PAUL IS APOSTLE JAMES AND CAME MARTYRED CONVERTED MARTYRED BY BACK TO LIFE ON ROAD TO KING HEROD DAMASCUS APOSTLE PAUL (5-67AD) was a Jew who loved God and was angry that Christians said that Jesus was God’s Son. While on his way to put Christians in prison, Jesus spoke to him and changed his heart. Paul became the first APOSTOLIC AGE (33-100) The time when the Apostles were alive, teaching what they had learned from Jesus. The missionary, traveling around the Roman Empire preaching and establishing APOSTLE JAMES (DIED 44AD) was Apostles were: James, John, Peter, Philip, Andrew, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alpheus, Thaddaeus, churches. When he was put in prison, he wrote letters to the churches that a leader in the early church. He and Simon the Zealot, Mathias and Paul. are now part of our Bible. his brother John were fishermen, 33 33 33 34 44 PERSECUTION UNDER EMPEROR TRAJAN APOSTLE JOHN EXILED TO ISLAND EMPEROR MOUNT VESUVIUS OF PATMOS DOMITIAN ERUPTS AND PERSECUTION BY ROMAN PERSECUTED JEWS BURIES POMPEII EMPERORS: Emperor Domitian AND CHRISTIANS declared himself a god during his reign and worship him had to commanded that be executed. He was all those who particularly wanted Jews ROMAN ROADS: The Roman Empire refused to to be killed. The next emperor, paved the way for the spread of Trajan, while approving Christianity. In each country they the execution of Christians, APOSTLE JOHN: John was the last Apostle living in 90 AD. He was exiled to conquered, the Romans built wide said that no one should hunt the island of Patmos by Emperor Domitian. While he was there, John wrote paved roads so their army could them down. the Book of Revelation. In Revelation 2:13 & 17:6, John refers to martyrs move from place to place easily. The who have died because of their faith in Jesus Christ. Apostles and other Christians also 98-117 ca. 90 81-96 79 4 EARLY CHURCH APOSTLE PAUL COUNCIL OF JERUSALEM ROME BURNS AND CHRISTIANS ARE BEGINS HIS PERSECUTED BY EMPEROR NERO MISSIONARY JOURNEYS working with their father Zebedee, EMPEROR NERO (37-68 AD) when Jesus called them to be COUNCIL OF JERUSALEM (CA. 49 AD) was held to settle a dispute was Roman emperor for fourteen his disciples. After Pentecost, between Jewish Christians and Gentile Christians. Some Jewish Christian years and a thoroughly bad James, along with John and Peter, thought the Gentiles should follow the Jewish law that God had given person. He particularly hated preached boldly the good news of to Abraham and Moses. However, the Apostles Christians and blamed them for a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64 Jesus Christ. King Herod Agrippa and elders of the church decided that wasn’t AD. As a result he had