AMERICAN MUSEUM Noqvitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2874, pp. 1-33, figs. 1-92 April 23, 1987 Studies on Malagasy Spiders, 3. The Zelotine Gnaphosidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea), with a Review of the Genus Camillina NORMAN I. PLATNICK1 AND JOHN A. MURPHY2 ABSTRACT Zelotes is the only zelotine gnaphosid genus pre- are transferred to Camillina; the latter two names viously recorded from Madagascar; Zelotes bas- are newly synonymized with C. pulcher (Keyser- tardi (Simon) and Z. madagascaricus (Strand) ling) and C. arguta (Simon), respectively. Cam- probably represent females and males, respective- illina natalensis Lawrence is newly synonymized ly, ofa single species. Only females exist in current with C. cordifera (Tullgren). Discovery ofthe type collections, and their affinities remain uncertain. of C. galapagoensis (Banks) indicates that this Three other zelotine species occur in the Malagasy species was previously misidentified by Platnick collections studied: the cosmopolitan, synan- and Shadab; their species C. cruz is newly syn- thropic species Urozelotes rusticus (L. Koch), and onymized and the species misidentified by them two species of the genus Camillina. A revision of as C. galapagoensis is described as C. isabela. the Old World Camillina indicates that both those Thirteen other new species are described: C. maun species are new (C. tsima and C. fiana) and en- from Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa; C. demic to Madagascar and to Madagascar and the kaibos from the Ivory Coast and Kenya; C. ca- Comoro Islands, respectively; the two are not sis- pensis from South Africa; C. namibensis from Na- ter species. A recent revision of the American mibia; C. kochalkai, C. madrejon, C. cui, and C. Camillina is supplemented with new descriptions, mahnerti from Paraguay; C. pilar from Paraguay synonymies, and records. Echemella aldabrae and Argentina; C. mauryi, C. cordoba, and C. gal- Strand, Echemus pavesii Simon, Zelotes tucu- ianoae from Argentina; and C. penai from north- manus Mello-Leitao, and Z. tobari Mello-Leitao ern Chile and southern Peru. Males ofeight species I Curator, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History; Adjunct Professor, Department of Biology, City College, City University of New York. 2 Associate, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History; 323 Hanworth Road, Hampton, Middlesex, TW12 3EJ England. Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 1987 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $3.00 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2874 are described for the first time: C. pavesii (Simon), (Mello-Leitio), C. oruro Platnick and Shadab, C. C. balboa Platnick and Shadab, C. nova Platnick calel Platnick and Shadab, and C. minuta (Mello- and Shadab, C. major (Keyserling), C. marmorata LeitAo). INTRODUCTION This paper, the twenty-fourth in a series accuracy of the generic placement of Z. bas- on gnaphosoid spiders, is the sixth dealing tardi until males ofthe species can be studied. with the zelotine Gnaphosidae, an informal It seems likely that Strand's male, deposited group containing those gnaphosids with a in the Naturhistorischen Museum at Lubeck, preening comb situated ventrodistally on Germany, and destroyed during World War metatarsi III and IV (Platnick and Shadab, II, was of this species; Strand's descriptions 1982a, figs. 1, 2). We provide here a review (1907, 1908) at least demonstrate that his of those zelotine species previously or newly male was probably a Zelotes rather than any reported from Madagascar. As in previous of the species recorded below from Mada- studies on Malagasy spiders, determining gascar. whether the Madagascar taxa are endemic has We have found three other zelotine species required a full revision of the mainland Af- in available collections of Malagasy gna- rican fauna (in this case, of the genus Cam- phosids. One, unsurprisingly, is the virtually illina). We have also taken the opportunity cosmopolitan species Urozelotes rusticus (L. to supplement an earlier revision ofthe New Koch). Because these spiders prosper in man- World species of Camillina (Platnick and made environments, they have been widely Shadab, 1982b). introduced into scattered localities; similarly The only Malagasy zelotines previously re- introduced cockroaches often form the bulk corded are Zelotes bastardi (Simon, 1896), oftheir diet. The lengthy synonymy, genitalic described on the basis of a female from Ma- illustrations, and previous records of the junga, and Zelotes madagascaricus (Strand, species are provided in Platnick and Murphy 1907), based on a male from Nossi-Be. Nei- (1984). Only one female is known from Mad- ther species was illustrated, and neither has agascar, taken in Tulear by L. Bigot in June been dealt with substantively by subsequent 1965 and deposited in the Musee Royal de authors; their type specimens are either lost l'Afrique Centrale. (Simon) or destroyed (Strand). Luckily, Si- The remaining two species belong to Cam- mon provided a fairly detailed description of illina, a genus widespread in central and the epigynum which leaves little doubt that southern Africa and from Mexico and the two females in currently available collections Caribbean south to Chile. As is frequently belong to the species. One ofthese was taken the case in African Gnaphosidae, numerous at Ambivy, in the Kamoro valley in Majunga, species have been assigned to the genus but by G. Schmitz in May 1964, and is housed relatively few ofthese are actually congeneric in the Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, with the type species, Camillina cordifera Tervuren. The other was taken at Anaborano (Tuligren). Some of these misplaced species in Diego-Suarez by R. Legendre during Sep- were transferred by Platnick and Murphy tember, and is now housed in the American (1984); the others (to be discussed in subse- Museum of Natural History. The epigynal quent papers in this series) include: C. aestus structure is remarkable (figs. 47, 48) and does Tucker, C. algerica Dalmas, C. arida (Pur- not closely correspond with that ofany other cell), C. atlantica Berland, C. berlandi Denis, species of Zelotes known to us. The range of C. browni Tucker, C. canariensis (Simon), C. variation in female genitalic structure within citipes (Simon), C. corrugata (Purcell), C. eu- Zelotes is extensive, however, even with the ropaea Dalmas, C. fibulata Berland, C. fus- constrictive limitation ofthat genus adopted cipes (Simon), C. lubrica (Simon), C. lutea by Platnick and Shadab (1983). As the only Tucker, C. lutoria (Tullgren), C. mollis (O. known synapomorphies ofZelotes are in male P.-Cambridge), C. postrema Tucker, C. scu- palpal structure, little can be said about the tata (Simon), C. setosus Tucker, C. simplex 1987 PLATNICK AND MURPHY: MALAGASY ZELOTINES 3 (Simon), C. smythiesi (Simon), C. subtilis (Si- dab (1975); all measurements are in milli- mon), C. villiersi Denis, and C. vivesi Mari- meters. naro. Ofthese species, only C. setosus Tucker (1923) from South Africa seems at all likely COLLECTIONS EXAMINED to be a true Camillina. Tucker thought the AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, species was closest to two true Camillina including material donated by Dr. A. Russell- species, C. procurva (Purcell) and C. biplagia Smith Tucker. Unfortunately, the types cannot be BMNH, British Museum (Natural History), Mr. found at the South African Museum, and we P. Hillyard have not been able to match any known BPBM, B. P. Bishop Museum, Dr. J. M. Tenorio Camillina species to Tucker's highly stylized CAS, California Academy ofSciences, Dr. W. Pu- illustrations. lawski FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Dr. J. Both Malagasy Camillina species proved Kethley to be undescribed. One (C. fiana) is a rela- IRSN, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, tively typical member ofthe genus occurring Brussels, Dr. L. L. Baert also on the Comoro Islands, whereas the oth- JAB, Dr. J. A. Beatty er (C. tsima) appears endemic to Madagascar JAM, Mr. J. A. Murphy and has more elaborate genitalia closer to MACN, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, those of the new African species C. kaibos Drs. E. A. Maury and M. E. Galiano than to those of C. fiana. Hence it appears MCZ, Museum ofComparative Zoology, Harvard likely that the origin of these species ante- University, Dr. H. W. Levi dates the separation ofMadagascar from con- MHNG, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, Dr. V. Mahnert tinental Africa, as might be predicted from MLP, Museo de La Plata, Dr. R. Arrozpide the trans-Atlantic distribution of the genus. MNHN, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, The Old and New World faunas of Camillina Dr. J. Heurtault do not appear to be monophyletic sister taxa, MNRJ, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Dr. A. as species like C. tsima and C. kaibos seem Timotheo da Costa closer in genitalic structure to American MRAC, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Dr. species such as those assigned below to the R. Jocque majorgroup than to more typical species from MSP, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao either continent. Some specimens of Cam- Paulo, Dr. H. Reichardt have been taken on various Indian and NCA, National Collection ofArachnida, Pretoria, illina Dr. A. Dippenaar Pacific Ocean islands (Aldabra, the Sey- NMP, Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, Dr. C. chelles, New Guinea, Borneo, Hawaii, and Griswold the Marshall Islands), but in each case they NRS, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Dr. have proved to belong to American or Af- T. Kronestedt rican species. PGA, Dr. P. G. Aguilar F. We are deeply indebted to the curators and QMB, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Drs. V. E. collectors listed below for helping us to amass Davies and R. J. Raven sufficient study material, and especially to Dr. SAM, South African Museum, Dr. V. Whitehead R. Legendre of the Universite des Sciences UUZM, Zoologiska Institutionen, Uppsala Uni- et du for versitet, Dr. A Holm Techniques Languedoc, Montpellier, ZMH, Zoologisches Museum, Universitiit Ham- access to his Malagasy collections. The illus- burg, Dr.