Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Program Specific Pavement Studies (SPS) Development of Experiment Design: SPS-12 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Preservation Study PUBLICATION NO. FHWA-HIF-18-064 October 2018 Research, Development, and Technology Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center 6300 Georgetown Pike McLean, VA 22101-2296 FOREWORD Pavement preservation represents a proactive approach to maintaining and extending the lives of existing highways. Until recently, limited rigorous performance research existed on the effects of pavement preservation treatments, and consequently there was a reliance on anecdotal information. However, research findings over the past few years are proving that preservation can be an effective approach to extend pavement’s effective service life, improve safety and service condition, and is cost-efficient. The purpose of this report is to document the recommended experimental design for the Long- Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) SPS-12 Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) Pavement Preservation Study. This study has been designed to establish the impact of selected preservation treatments on pavement performance under different loading and environmental conditions through a field study of in-service pavements starting from construction of the preservation treatments under consideration. The underlying concept of this experiment is to apply the same preservation treatment, at different times, on the same pavement structure to determine the effectiveness of a single application of a treatment as a function of pavement condition and time. This experiment is designed to answer the question on when is the best time to apply a preservation treatment on PCC pavements. It will also enable development and implementation of important pavement preservation products and tools, such as addition of pavement preservation considerations to the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide and associated software. Although the recommended experiment will not be implemented under the LTPP program, the experiment and this project report can be adopted and adapted by interested highway agencies to achieve the stated benefits. Cheryl Allen Richter, Ph.D., P.E. Director, Office of Infrastructure Research and Development Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document. Quality Assurance Statement The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-HIF-18-064 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Program October 2018 Specific Pavement Studies (SPS) 6. Performing Organization Code Development of Experiment Design: SPS-12: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Preservation Study 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report G.R. Rada, T.R. Thompson, G.E. Elkins and R.G. Hicks No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc. 12000 Indian Creek Court, Suite F 11. Contract or Grant No. Beltsville, MD 20705-1258 DTFH61-14-C-00038 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Federal Highway Administration Covered Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center Final Report; September 2014 6300 Georgetown Pike to July 2017 McLean, Virginia 22101 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes The Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) is Mr. Jack Springer, HRDI-20 16. Abstract Pavement preservation represents a proactive approach to maintaining and extending the lives of existing highway pavements. At the heart of the preservation decision-making process is pavement performance. This report documents the recommended experimental designs for the LTPP SPS-12 Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) Pavement Preservation Study. However, the recommended experiment will not be implemented under the LTPP program, but the experiment and this project report can be adopted and adapted by interested highway agencies to achieve the stated benefits, and consequently the impetus for publication of the report. The underlying concept of this experiment is to apply the same preservation treatment, at different times, on the same pavement structure to determine the effectiveness of a single application of a treatment as a function of pavement condition and time. This experiment is designed to answer the question on when is the best time to apply a preservation treatment on PCC pavements. It will also enable development and implementation of important pavement preservation products and tools, such as addition of pavement preservation considerations to the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide and associated software. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Pavement Preservation, Portland Cement Concrete (PCC), No restrictions. Preservation Treatments, Pavement Performance, Long- Term Pavement Performance (LTPP), Preservation Experiment 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified Pages 314 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized SI* (MODERN METRIC) CONVERSION FACTORS APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS Symbol When You Know Multiply By To Find Symbol LENGTH in inches 25.4 millimeters mm ft feet 0.305 meters m yd yards 0.914 meters m mi miles 1.61 kilometers km AREA in2 square inches 645.2 square millimeters mm2 ft2 square feet 0.093 square meters m2 yd2 square yard 0.836 square meters m2 ac acres 0.405 hectares ha mi2 square miles 2.59 square kilometers km2 VOLUME fl oz fluid ounces 29.57 milliliters mL gal gallons 3.785 liters L ft3 cubic feet 0.028 cubic meters m3 yd3 cubic yards 0.765 cubic meters m3 NOTE: volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3 MASS oz ounces 28.35 grams g lb pounds 0.454 kilograms kg T short tons (2000 lb) 0.907 megagrams (or "metric ton") Mg (or "t") TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) oF Fahrenheit 5 (F-32)/9 Celsius oC or (F-32)/1.8 ILLUMINATION fc foot-candles 10.76 lux lx fl foot-Lamberts 3.426 candela/m2 cd/m2 FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS lbf poundforce 4.45 newtons N lbf/in2 poundforce per square inch 6.89 kilopascals kPa APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS Symbol When You Know Multiply By To Find Symbol LENGTH mm millimeters 0.039 inches in m meters 3.28 feet ft m meters 1.09 yards yd km kilometers 0.621 miles mi AREA mm2 square millimeters 0.0016 square inches in2 m2 square meters 10.764 square feet ft2 m2 square meters 1.195 square yards yd2 ha hectares 2.47 acres ac km2 square kilometers 0.386 square miles mi2 VOLUME mL milliliters 0.034 fluid ounces fl oz L liters 0.264 gallons gal m3 cubic meters 35.314 cubic feet ft3 m3 cubic meters 1.307 cubic yards yd3 MASS g grams 0.035 ounces oz kg kilograms 2.202 pounds lb Mg (or "t") megagrams (or "metric ton") 1.103 short tons (2000 lb) T TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) oC Celsius 1.8C+32 Fahrenheit oF ILLUMINATION lx lux 0.0929 foot-candles fc cd/m2 candela/m2 0.2919 foot-Lamberts fl FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS N newtons 0.225 poundforce lbf kPa kilopascals 0.145 poundforce per square inch lbf/in2 *SI is the symbol for the International System of Units. Appropriate rounding should be made to comply with Section 4 of ASTM E380. (Revised March 2003) ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................1 LTPP BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................1 LTPP PAVEMENT PRESERVATION EXPERIMENTS ........................................................5 PROJECT APPROACH ............................................................................................................6 REPORT PURPOSE AND ORGANIZATION.........................................................................8 CHAPTER 2. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ..............................................................................11 OVERVIEW OF EXPERIMENT APPROACH .....................................................................11 KEY EXPERIMENT CONSIDERATIONS ...........................................................................13 EXPERIMENT DESIGNS ......................................................................................................28 PROJECT LAYOUT ...............................................................................................................32 OTHER EXPERIMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................34 PROJECT NOMINATION AND ACCEPTANCE PROCESS ..............................................36 CHAPTER 3. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................41 CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES ..........................................................................................41