Allegheny National Forest United States Department of Final Environmental Impact Statement Agriculture Forest Service Appendix G Allegheny National Forest March 2007 To Accompany the Land and Resource Management Plan Appendix G1—Human Health Risk Assessment for Glyphosate and Sulfometuron Methyl Treatment Apppendix G2—Wildlife, Terrestrial Plant, and Aquatic Species Risk Assessment for Glyphosate and Sulfometuron Methyl Treatment Appendix G3—Acronyms, Conversion Factors, and Glossary for Appendix G1 and G2 This document is available in large print. Contact the Allegheny National Forest Supervisor’s Office 1-814-723-5150 TTY 1-814-726-2710 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Cover photo: Allegheny River Islands, R Hokans, photographer Final Environmental Impact Statement Appendix G To Accompany the Land and Resource Management Plan Allegheny National Forest March 2007 Table of Contents Appendix G1—Human Health Risk Assessment for Glyphosate and Sulfometuron Methyl Treatment ............................................................................................. G1-1 Apppendix G2—Wildlife, Terrestrial Plant, and Aquatic Species Risk Assessment for Glyphosate and Sulfometuron Methyl Treatment....................................... G2-1 Appendix G3—Acronyms, Conversion Factors, and Glossary for Appendix G1 and G2 ........................................................................................ G3-1 This page intentionally left blank. Appendix G1 Human Health Risk Assessment for Glyphosate and Sulfometuron Methyl Treatment Allegheny National Forest March 2007 Prepared by Jeffrey Jenkins PhD, Logan A. Norris PhD, and Kathleen Maas-Hebner MS Cascade Environmental Consultants This page intentionally left blank. Appendix G1—Human Health Risk Assessment Table of Contents Page SUMMARY OF THE HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT..........................................................G1-1 Glyphosate: Trade Names: Glypro®, Rodeo®, Accord Concentrate®, Foresters’®...............................G1-1 Glyphosate Surfactants and Inerts ..............................................................................................................G1-2 Sulfometuron Methyl: Trade Names: Oust®, Oust XP® ..............................................................................G1-2 Sensitive Individuals ....................................................................................................................................G1-3 Aggregate Exposure And Cumulative Risk..................................................................................................G1-4 Synergism And Mixtures Of Glyphosate And Sulfometuron Methyl Herbicides.....................................G1-4 SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE ................................................................................G1-5 Relationship To Other Analyses...................................................................................................................G1-5 Source Of Information For This Risk Assessment.......................................................................................G1-6 Organization Of This Risk Assessment .......................................................................................................G1-7 Overview Of The Human Health Risk Assessment Process .......................................................................G1-7 Variability and Uncertainty in Risk Assessment (SERA 2003a, b)......................................................... G1-8 Glyphosate and sulfometuron methyl literature searches ........................................................................G1-9 SECTION 2. VEGETATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS ............................................................G1-11 Program Descriptions..................................................................................................................................G1-11 Sustaining Forest Cover, the Production of Forest Products and Maintaining Improvements..................G1-11 Developing and Maintaining Wildlife Habitat and Visual Enhancements ..................................................G1-12 Treat/Control Native and Non-native Invasive Plant Species....................................................................G1-13 Types Of Application Methods And Herbicide Usage..............................................................................G1-13 Sustaining Forest Cover, the Production of Forest Products, and Maintaining Improvements.................G1-14 Mechanical Ground Application Method............................................................................................... G1-14 Manual Ground Application Methods ................................................................................................... G1-16 Foliar spraying using backpack equipment...................................................................................... G1-16 Cut Surface Treatment..................................................................................................................... G1-16 Application Rates and Acres Treated Per Year ............................................................................... G1-17 Developing and Maintaining Wildlife Habitat, Heritage Resources, and Visual Enhancements.......... G1-18 Mechanical Ground Application Methods......................................................................................... G1-18 Manual Ground Application Methods...............................................................................................G1-18 Application Rates And Acres Treated Per Year............................................................................... G1-18 Treatment/Control of Native and Non-native Invasive Species............................................................ G1-19 Mechanical Ground Application Method .......................................................................................... G1-20 Manual Ground Application Methods...............................................................................................G1-20 Foliar spraying using backpack equipment.................................................................................. G1-20 Cut Surface Treatment................................................................................................................. G1-20 Application Rates and Acres Treated Per Year ............................................................................... G1-20 Personal Protective Equipment .................................................................................................................G1-21 Mitigation Measures...................................................................................................................................G1-21 SECTION 3. GLYPHOSATE HAZARD ANALYSIS.........................................................................G1-23 Overview and Summary.............................................................................................................................G1-23 Sorption ................................................................................................................................................ G1-24 Acute effects......................................................................................................................................... G1-24 Subchronic or chronic effects ............................................................................................................... G1-24 Neurotoxicity......................................................................................................................................... G1-24 Endocrine system ................................................................................................................................. G1-24 Allegheny National Forest Final Environmental Impact Statement G1-i Appendix G1 Human Health Risk Assessment for Glyphosate and Sulfometuron Methyl Treatment Allegheny National Forest March 2007 Prepared by Jeffrey Jenkins PhD, Logan A. Norris PhD, and Kathleen Maas-Hebner MS Cascade Environmental Consultants This page intentionally left blank. Appendix G1—Human Health Risk Assessment Table of Contents Page SUMMARY OF THE HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT..........................................................G1-1 Glyphosate: Trade Names: Glypro®, Rodeo®, Accord Concentrate®, Foresters’®...............................G1-1 Glyphosate Surfactants and Inerts ..............................................................................................................G1-2 Sulfometuron Methyl: Trade Names: Oust®, Oust XP® ..............................................................................G1-2 Sensitive Individuals ....................................................................................................................................G1-3