INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9314580 A conductor's guide to twentieth-century choral-orchestral works in English Green, Jonathan David, D.M.A. The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1992 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 A CONDUCTOR'S GUIDE TO TWENTIETH-CENTURY CHORAL-ORCHESTRAL WORKS IN ENGLISH by Jonathan D. Green A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctorate of Musical Arts Greensboro 1992 Approved by Dr. Richard Cox APPROVAL PAGE This dissertation has been approved by the following committee of the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Dissertation Adviser SL j)_a Committee Members 7,(,u ( 2 •' / / Date of Acceptance by Committee • • • j. //'A- Date of Final Oral Examination u GREEN, JONATHAN D., D.M.A. A Conductor's Guide to Twentieth- Century Choral-Orchestral Works in English. (1992) Directed by Dr. Richard Cox. 342 pp. The purpose of this study was to survey large choral-orchestral works written between 1914 and 1972 containing some English text. Information was collected on eighty-one works regarding: composer, instrumentation, text sources, editions, availability of performing materials, performance issues, discography, and bibliographies of the composer and the work. Based upon score study, each work was evaluated in terms of performance concerns, rehearsal issues, and level of difficulty. When appropriate, levels of ensembles and programming circumstances were identified. Musical and textual trends, as observed in these works, have been compiled and assessed. These musical developments indicate that this repertoire has utilized the principal compositional techniques of the twentieth century, but more conservatively than in purely instrumental works of the same period. The trends in text selection have been to address social and moral issues and to assemble anthologies of thematically related texts. There has also been a marked inclination toward the poems of Walt Whitman in these works. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is my pleasure to thank the members of my advisory committee: Dr. Eddie Bass, Dr. William Carroll, Dr. Kelley Griffith, and Mr. Robert Gutter for their assistance in determining the format and style of this study. I am indebted to my wife, Lynn Buck for her patience and proofreading skills. My father, Gary Green aided me with hymn-tune information, and my mother, Justine Green provided discographic information. The publishers of the studied works were very generous with research assistance and access to scores, as were Dr. Richard Wursten, music librarian of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, and Dr. P. Alston Jones, head librarian of Elon College. I am indebted to Dr. James Sherbon and Mrs. Martha Rierson for the generous assistance in the navigation of the academic process. And I am most grateful to my advisor, Dr. Richard Cox, for his dedication to this project, his tireless support, and sage advice. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page APPROVAL PAGE ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 Related Research 2 Procedures 3 II. OBSERVED DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS 6 Musical Developments 7 Serial Procedures 7 Complex Rhythmic Structures 9 Electronic Tape 10 Jazz Influences 11 Instrumental Soloists 13 Free Repetition 13 Chant 14 Narrator 14 Speaking Choir 15 Gebrauchsmusik. 16 Textual Developments 17 Multiple Text Sources 18 Polylingual Texts 2 1 Text Themes 2 2 Text Sources 2 3 Conclusion 2 5 i v III. SURVEY OF WORKS 2 7 Adler, Samuel (b. 1928) 2 7 The Binding (1967) 2 8 A Whole Bunch of Fun (1969) 3 0 Amram, David Werner (b. 1930) 3 3 A Year in Our Land (1964) 3 4 Barber, Samuel (1910-81) 3 6 The Lovers, op. 43 (1971) 3 8 Bernstein, Leonard (1918-1990) 4 1 Kaddish, Symphony No. 3 (1961-63) 4 3 Mass (1970-71) 4 7 Bliss, Sir Arthur (1891-1975) 5 2 Pastorale: Lie Strewn the White Flocks (1928-29). 5 3 Morning Heroes (1929-30) 5 5 Golden Cantata ('Music in the Golden Form') (1963) 5 8 Britten, (Edward) Benjamin (1913-76) 6 0 Saint Nicolas, op. 42 (1948) 6 1 Spring Symphony, op. 44 (1949) 6 5 War Requiem, op. 66 (1961) 6 8 Brubeck, David (b. 1920) 7 2 Light in the Wilderness (1968) 7 3 Cowell, Henry Dixon (1897-1965) 7 6 ...If he please (1955) 7 8 The Creator, op. 919 (1963) 8 0 Creston, Paul (1906-85) 8 2 Isaiah's Prophecy, op. 80 (1962) 8 3 Delius, Frederick (1862-1934) 8 5 Requiem (1913-16) 8 7 v Dello Joio, Norman (b. 1913) 8 9 Song of Affirmation (1952) 9 1 Songs of Walt Whitman (1966) 9 3 Del Tredici, David (b. 1937) 9 6 Pop-Pourri (1968, rev. 1973) 9 7 Dett, R(obert) Nathaniel (1882-1943) 9 9 The Ordering of Moses (1937) 101 Diamond, David Leo (1915) 103 To Music (1967) 104 Elgar, Sir Edward (1857-1934) 107 The Spirit of England, op. 80 (1915-17) 109 Finney, Ross Lee (b. 1906) 1 12 Pilgrim Psalms (1945) 1 13 Still are New Worlds (1962) 1 16 The Martyr's Elegy (1966) 119 Finzi, Gerald (1901-1956) 1 2 1 For St. Cecilia, op. 30 (1947) 122 Flagello, Nicolas (1928) 124 The Passion of Martin Luther King (1968) 1 25 Foss [Fuchs], Lukas (b. 1922) 12 7 The Prairie (1943) 129 Foulds, John (1880-1939) 1 3 2 A World Requiem, op. 60 (1919-21) 133 Hanson, Howard (1896-1981) 1 36 The Lament of Beowulf, op. 25 (1925) 1 37 Three Songs from "Drum Taps," op. 32 (1935). ... 1 39 vi Harris, Roy (1898-1979) 14 1 Symphony No. 4, Folk Song (1940) 143 Hindemith, Paul (1895-1963) 1 46 When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd (1946). 148 Hoist, Gustav (1874-1934) 152 Hymn of Jesus, op. 37 (1917) 154 First Choral Symphony, op. 41 (1923-24) 1 57 Hovhaness, Alan (b. 1911) 160 Easter Cantata (1953) 162 Magnificat, op. 157 (1958) 1 64 Cantata: Praise the Lord with Psaltery (1968) 168 Howells, Herbert (1892-1983) 170 Hymnus Paradisi (1938) 1 71 Kay, Ulysses Simpson (b. 1917) 175 Inscriptions from Whitman (1963) 176 Lambert, Constant (1905-51) 1 78 Rio Grande (1927) 1 79 Summer's Last Will and Testament (1932-35). ... 1 82 Lees, Benjamin (1924) 1 85 Visions of Poets (1961) 18 6 Lockwood, Normand (1906) 188 The Prairie (1952) 1 89 Mennin, Peter (1923-83) 192 Symphony No. 4, The Cycle (1948) 193 Christmas Story (1949) 1 95 Cantata de virtute: Pied Piper of Hamelin (1969). 197 Menotti, Gian Carlo (b. 1911) 2 00 The Death of the Bishop of Brindisi (1963) 201 vii Persichetti, Vincent (1915-87) 204 Stabat Mater, op. 92 (1963) 206 The Creation, op. Ill (1969) 208 Riegger, Wallingford (1885-1961) 2 1 0 Cantata, In Certainty of Song, op. 46 (1950) 2 12 Rogers, Bernard (1893-1968) 215 The Passion (1942) 217 Letter from Pete (1947) 2 21 The Prophet Isaiah (1950) 223 Rorem, Ned (b. 1923) 225 The Poet's Requiem (1954-55) 2 2 7 Letters from Paris (1966) 2 29 Rubbra, Edmund (1901-1986) 232 Inscape, op. 122 (1964-65) 2 3 4 Advent Cantata, op. 136 (1968) 235 Schuller, Gunther (b. 1925) 237 The Power Within Us (1971) 239 Schuman, William (1910-1992) 242 This is Our Time (Secular Cantata No. 1) (1940). 2 44 A Free Song (Secular Cantata No. 2) (1942) 2 46 Sessions, Roger (1896-1985) 2 4 9 When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd (1970). 25 1 Siegmeister, Elie (1909-1991) 2 5 4 I Have a Dream (1967) 256 Starer, Robert (1924) 258 Ariel, Visions of Isaiah (1959) 259 Stevens, Halsey (1908-89) 261 A Testament of Life (1959) 262 viii Thompson, Randall (1899-1984) 264 Americana (1932) 265 The Passion According to St. Luke (1964-65) 2 69 Tippett, Sir Michael Kemp (b. 1905) 2 71 A Child of Our Time (1939-41) 273 Vision of St. Augustine (1963-65) 276 Shires Suite (1965-70) 280 Vaughan Williams, Ralph (1872-1958) 284 Sancta Civita (1923-25) 286 Five Tudor Portraits (1935) 288 Dona Nobis Pacem (1936) 2 91 An Oxford Elegy (1949) 294 The Sons of Light (1950) 296 Hodie (1953-54) 298 Epithalamion (1957) 3 02 Walton, William (1902-83) 305 Belshazzar's Feast (1929-31) 3 06 Ward, Robert (b.