Transition Pack for A Level Chemistry Get ready for A‐level! A guide to help you get ready for A‐level Chemistry, including everything from topic guides to days out and online learning courses. 1 This pack contains a programme of activities and resources to prepare you to start A level in Chemistry in September. It is aimed to be used after you complete your GCSE throughout the remainder of the Summer term and over the Summer Holidays to ensure you are ready to start your course in September. Transition work to be completed prior to September is described on page 7. 2 Kick back this summer with a good read. The books below are all popular science books and great for extending your understanding of Chemistry. The Science of Everyday Life: Why Teapots Dribble, Toast Burns and Light Bulbs Shine The title says it all really, lots of interesting stuff about the things around you home! Periodic Tales: The Curious Lives of A Short History of Nearly the Elements Everything This book covers the chemical A whistle‐stop tour through many elements, where they come from aspects of history from the Big Bang and how they are used. There are to now. This is a really accessible loads of fascinating insights into read that will re‐familiarise you with uses for chemicals you would have common concepts and introduce never even thought about. you to some of the more colourful characters from the history of science! Available at amazon.co.uk Calculations in AS/A Level Chemistry If you struggle with the calculations side of chemistry, this is the book for you. Covers all the possible calculations you are ever likely to come across. Brought to Bad Science you by the same guy who Here Ben Goldacre takes apart anyone wrote the excellent who published bad / misleading or chemguide.co.uk website. dodgy science –this book will make you think about everything the advertising industry tries to sell you by making it sound ‘sciency’. 3 Everyone loves a good story and everyone loves some great science. Here are some of the picks of the best films based on real life scientists and discoveries. You wont find Jurassic Park on this list, we’ve looked back over the last 50 years to give you our top 5 films you might not have seen before. Great watching for a rainy day. Dante’s Peak 1997: Use the link to look at the Science of acids and how this links to the movie. http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science‐maths‐technology/science/chemistry/dantes‐peak http://www.flickclip.com/flicks/dantespeak1.html http://www.flickclip.com/flicks/dantespeak5.html Fantastic 4 2005: Michio Kaku explains the “real” science behind fantastic four http://nerdist.com/michio‐kaku‐explains‐the‐real‐science‐behind‐fantastic‐four/ http://www.flickclip.com/flicks/fantastic4.html 4 If you have 30 minutes to spare, here are some great presentations (and free!) from world leading scientists and researchers on a variety of topics. They provide some interesting answers and ask some thought‐provoking questions. Use the link or scan the QR code to view: Rough science –the Open University –34 episodes available Real scientists are ‘stranded’ on an island and are given scientific problems to solve using only what they can find on the island. Great fun if you like to see how science is used in solving problems. There are six series in total http://bit.ly/pixlchemvid1a http://bit.ly/pixlchemvid1b A thread of quicksilver –The Open University A brilliant history of the most mysterious of elements –mercury. This program shows you how a single substance led to empires and war, as well as showing you come of the cooler properties of mercury. https://youtu.be/_MBgg0g8iGM Why Doctors Don’t Know About the Drugs They Prescribe Available at : When a new drug gets tested, the results of the trials should be published for the rest of the medical world —except much of the time, negative or inconclusive findings go unreported, leaving doctors and researchers in the dark. http://www.ted.com/talks/ben_goldacre_ what_doctors_don_t_know_about_the_dr ugs_they_prescribe?language=en 10 weird and wonderful chemical reactions 10 good demonstration reactions, can you work out the chemistry of …. any… of them? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Bt6RP P2ANI 5 Research, reading and note making are essential skills for A level Chemistry study. For the following task you are going to produce ‘Cornell Notes’ to summarise your reading. 1. Divide your page into 2. Write the name, three sections like this date and topic at the top of the page 3. Use the large box 4. Review and to make notes. Leave identify the key a space between points in the left hand separate idea. box Abbreviate where possible. 5. Write a summary of the main ideas in the bottom space Images taken from http://coe.jmu.edu/learningtoolbox/cornellnotes.html 6 A level Chemistry will use your knowledge from GCSE and build on this to help you understand new and more demanding ideas. 1. Choose and complete 2 of the tasks described on pages 8 to 10. 2. Complete Scientific and Investigative Skills assignment described below. Scientific and Investigative Skills As part of your A level you will complete a practical assessment. This will require you to carry out a series of practical activities as well as planning how to do them, analysing the results and evaluating the methods. This will require you to: use appropriate apparatus to record a range of quantitative measurements (to include mass, time, volume, temperature, length and pH), use appropriate instrumentation to record quantitative measurements, such as a colorimeter or photometer, use laboratory glassware apparatus for a variety of experimental techniques to include serial dilutions, use of light microscope at high power and low power, including use of a graticule, produce scientific drawing from observation with annotations, use qualitative reagents to identify molecules, separate compounds using thin layer/paper chromatography. Task: Produce a glossary for the following key words: accuracy, anomaly, calibration, causal link, chance, confounding variable, control experiment, control group, control variable, correlation, dependent variable, errors, evidence, fair test, hypothesis, independent, null hypothesis, precision, probability, protocol, random distribution, random error, raw data, reliability, systematic error, true value, validity, zero error, 7 The chemistry of fireworks What are the component parts of fireworks? What chemical compounds cause fireworks to explode? What chemical compounds are responsible for the colour of fireworks? Professor Chris Bishop, presenter of the 2008 Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, gives a family lecture on the history of the modern firework. Through demonstrations of pyrotechnic chemistry hear how Chinese incendiaries made from honey led to the development of gunpowder; discover how the loud bangs of fireworks are routed in the origins of photography; and find out how an accident in a nineteenth‐century kitchen sparked a new chemistry for firework making. https://youtu.be/rmtK2BgmGCw The art of pyrotechnics is an ancient one, dating back to ancient China. However most of the effects seen in a typical display today are the results of what has now been centuries of skilled craftsmanship and development. This site is designed to provide readers with an insight into the fascinating world of fireworks, taking the chemistry of fireworks as a focal point.The development of colour, light, shape and construction will each be explored in turn; and it is the culmination of these four factors which illustrates the science that lies behind fireworks. http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/projects/gondhia/ Task: Produce a poster to display in your classroom in September summarising you research Your poster or display should include: Key words and definitions Clearly labelled diagrams Short explanations of key ideas or processes. Why is copper sulfate blue? Copper compounds like many of the transition metal compounds have got vivid and distinctive colours – but why? Transition metal ions are not coloured on their own ‐ it is only when they become complex ions that they become coloured. In a transition metal ion, all the d orbitals are at the same energy level (there's no difference in energy level between them whatsoever). However, when it forms a complex ion (which is when ligands surround the ion & the no. of coordinate bonds is greater than the oxidation state), the d orbitals split into 2 sets as the electrons from the ligands interfere with it. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/complexions/colour.html Ligands in complex ions cause d‐orbital splitting and how this leads to colorful solutions with transition metal complex ions. D‐orbital splitting, light being absorbed, light being transmitted, how the ligand affects the splitting and all of the basics of crystal field theory and complex ions. https://youtu.be/K_OvaqX9dFY Task: Produce a poster to display in your classroom in September summarising you research Your poster or display should include: Key words and definitions Clearly labelled diagrams Short explanations of key ideas or processes. 8 Task 3: Aspirin What was the history of the discovery of aspirin, how do we manufacture aspirin in a modern chemical process? In this series, I talk about all you need to know to have a basic understanding of Aspirin. Although I don't mention this in the video, it is important to know that you might hear some people call Aspirin as "just a prodrug for salicylic acid." This is not entirely accurate. While salicylic acid has its own effect (it is thought to stop the production of COX enzymes), Aspirin has its effect by rendering the enzymes useless.... So acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) has its effect by blocking the enzymes and once it has transferred the acetyl group (I talk about this in the video), the remaining molecule is now salicylic acid which is thought to stop the COX enzymes being produced in the first place....good way to think about this is that ASA wrecks the machines while salicylic acid destroys the blueprints for the machines, so that the machines can't be made.