3rd International Conference on VOLUME BURMA/ K-N 2 5-7 March 2021 MYANMAR Chiang Mai University STUDIES Thailand Myanmar/Burma in the Changing Southeast Asian Context PROCEEDINGS 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BURMA/MYANMAR STUDIES: MYANMAR/BURMA IN THE CHANGING SOUTHEAST ASIAN CONTEXT 5-7 MARCH 2021, CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY, THAILAND 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BURMA/MYANMAR STUDIES: MYANMAR/BURMA IN THE CHANGING SOUTHEAST ASIAN CONTEXT PROCEEDINGS Volume K-N 05 -07 March 2021, Chiang Mai University, Thailand 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BURMA/MYANMAR STUDIES: MYANMAR/BURMA IN THE CHANGING SOUTHEAST ASIAN CONTEXT 5-7 MARCH 2021, CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY, THAILAND March 2021 ICBMS III Conference Secretariat Regional Center for Social Science and Sustainable Development (RCSD) Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Email: [email protected], [email protected]; Website: http://burmaconference.com 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BURMA/MYANMAR STUDIES: MYANMAR/BURMA IN THE CHANGING SOUTHEAST ASIAN CONTEXT 5-7 MARCH 2021, CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY, THAILAND Table of Contents LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT WATER AND SANITATION PATTERNS IN SHAN KALAY KYAUNG VILLAGE Khin Khin Nyein & Myint Myint Khaing ........................................................................................................... 259 MIGRATION ISSUE ON THE URBAN RESILIENCE OF YANGON AREA (CASE STUDY ON THE MOBILE/MIGRANT SETTLEMENT) Khin Mar Yee, Mu Mu Than, Wah Wah Soe, Min Min Aye Than & Hnin Khaine Aye ........................................ 271 PRINCIPLES ON FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND COUNTERING OF HATE SPEECH IN MYANMAR Khin Mon Lin .................................................................................................................................................. 280 SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT ON CAREGIVERS’ EXPERIENCES OF EDUCATED TRAINING TO AUTISTIC CHILDREN Khin Muyar Aung ............................................................................................................................................ 295 A STUDY OF THE WASO MONASTERIES THROUGH MURAL PAINTINGS OF KYAUKTAW GYI TEMPLE Mary Oo & Yin Min Paik .................................................................................................................................. 309 HISTORIC SITES AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE SHAN IN KYAING TONG, EASTERN SHAN STATE Maw Maw Aye ............................................................................................................................................... 329 LUBYEKS OR LUSHWINTAWS: THEIR LIFE, PERFORMANCE AND HISTORY Mi Mi Hlaing ................................................................................................................................................... 350 GOVERNANCE OF WATER AND FISHERIES RESOURCES THAT EFFECTS ON LOCAL COMMUNITY, SINGU SEGMENT, IRRAWADDY RIVER, MYANMAR Mie Mie Kyaw, Myat Mon Kyaw, Tin Tin Lynn & Khin San Haty ....................................................................... 366 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BURMA/MYANMAR STUDIES: MYANMAR/BURMA IN THE CHANGING SOUTHEAST ASIAN CONTEXT 5-7 MARCH 2021, CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY, THAILAND THE ETHICS OF LAWYERS IN MYANMAR Moh Moh Win & Hnin Yu Thida Lwin .............................................................................................................. 385 CHILD LABOR IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN SITTWAY TOWN, RAKHINE STATE Mu Mu Than, Khin Mar Yee, Han Thein Maung, Sandar Hlaing Win & Mu Mu Khaing ..................................... 402 CLIMATE CHANGE IN MYANMAR: IMPACT, MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION Nang Theingi Maw .......................................................................................................................................... 418 ASSESSING THE RURAL FARMERS ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: APPLICATION OF LIVELIHOOD VULNERABILITY APPROACH IN AYEYARWADY REGION OF MYANMAR Naw Mar Lar & Soe Tint .................................................................................................................................. 437 THE IMPACT OF BRIDE PRICE ON THE LIVES OF MARRIED WOMEN IN TWO SOUTHERN CHIN COMMUNITIES (FALAM AND HAKHA) Nilar Soe ......................................................................................................................................................... 456 BRIEF HISTORY OF DRAMA IN COLONIAL PERIOD Nwe Ni Lin Maw ............................................................................................................................................. 473 THE IMPORTANCE OF MYANMAR-CHINA BORDER TRADE ON MYANMAR’S ECONOMIC GROWTH (2000-2020) Nwe Nwe Htun ............................................................................................................................................... 493 TRADITIONAL ELEPHANT DANCE FROM AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW Nyein Chan Soe .............................................................................................................................................. 509 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BURMA/MYANMAR STUDIES: MYANMAR/BURMA IN THE CHANGING SOUTHEAST ASIAN CONTEXT 5-7 MARCH 2021, CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY, THAILAND Local Knowledge about Water and Sanitation Patterns in Shan Kalay Kyaung Village Khin Khin Nyein Department of Anthropology, University of Mandalay, Myanmar Myint Myint Khaing Department of Anthropology, University of Mandalay, Myanmar Abstract This paper aims to reveal how local people in Shan Kalay Kyaung Village apply their local knowledge in water and sanitation patterns. The objectives of this research are to explore the water and sanitation patterns used by the people in Shan Kalay Kyaung Village, to explain what are local people’s perspectives upon their own water and sanitation patterns: whether they think they have safe water and sanitation pattern and to find out their knowledge about water usage and sanitation patterns to adjust with their natural resources. This research has been conducted over about 3 months and will be continued. To obtain data, qualitative research methods were used. Participant observation, in- depth interview (IDI), key informant interview (KII) and focus group discussion are used in conducting the research. This paper finds that the local knowledge of people in Shan Kalay Kyaung Village enables them to adjust to their available water resources. Furthermore, this paper revealed that their local knowledge also adjusts with the climate change during past two decades. Moreover, the research mediated the local people’s perspectives that some of them are proud of using traditional water and using local knowledge in water and sanitation patterns whilst some believe that local knowledge does not work well in the safe water and sanitation patterns as the circumstances of getting safe water slightly changed during twenty years. Keywords: water and sanitation pattern, local knowledge, water resource 259 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BURMA/MYANMAR STUDIES: MYANMAR/BURMA IN THE CHANGING SOUTHEAST ASIAN CONTEXT 5-7 MARCH 2021, CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY, THAILAND Introduction Background of the Study I used to help in a research project in my study site. This research is about how the people in Shan Kalay Kyaung Village use water resources for their daily needs. It further investigates whether the water is safe for health and environment from a chemical point of view. In the project, I helped to highlight some views of people on the quality of used water, from a social science perspective. The study will include add those perspectives in the conclusion of the project. Shan Kalay Kyaung Village is located on the riverbank of Irrawaddy. The people in the village depend on the river water for their household water except for drinking water during rainy season. In the dry seasons like summer and winter, tube well water is the main source for their water resources. In general, it can be said that people in the village depend mainly on the tube well water for the household water. While I was studying in this village, I was surprised by some patterns of water usage and sanitation. The most surprising fact was they use their local knowledge to fix the problems of water usage and sanitation patterns given by the natural water resources. For example, how they solve the problem of unclear river water during flood in order to make it useable. Moreover, another surprising fact is that most of the people in the village value the quality of water they use and they do not really care about the actual requirements for safe water. As far as we know, tube well water is not safe to drink. But middle aged people and elderly drink raw tube well water. They claimed tube well water as their traditional water. Actually, people in the village suffer from health problems that can be related to the quality of water. They complain about backbone ache that is a symptom of kidney disease, frequently caused by unclean water. Even though some of them know the actual cause of the symptom, they still prefer drinking tube well water rather than drinking water. I understood from my social research perspectives that they have familiarized with this circumstances and problems brought by the water resources in their physical environment and have become adaptable to reduce some impacts of the water usage and sanitation pattern they use. During that period, it gradually became clear to me that their values and perspectives on the water they use are stronger than the fact that the water is actually not safe for their health or environment. Thus, I wanted to know where the idea of