HARRY W. ALL A Monographic Study of the Subfamily Tiphiinae f (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) M of South America k SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 113 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of profes- sional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. These publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, and other in- terested institutions and specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available. S. DILLON RIPLEY Secretary Smithsonian Institution INTERNATIONAL MM YEAR • 1972 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 113 Harry W. Allen A Monographic Study of the Subfamily Tiphiinae (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) of South America SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON 1972 ABSTRACT Allen, Harry W. A Monographic Study of the Subfamily Tiphiinae (Hymen- optera: Tiphiidae) of South America. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, num- ber 113, 76 pages, 57 figures, 1972.—This paper presents keys and descriptions or descriptive notes based on type specimens of all known species of South American Tiphiinae except for 8 species in which types were inaccessible. One new genus, Mallochia is proposed and described. The genus, Tiphiodes and subgenera Tiphiodes and Protiphia are sunk as synonymous. There are descriptive notes or redescriptions of Epomidiopteron julii Romand and the following species of the genus Tiphia: pacozo Allen; paupi Allen and Krombein; intermedia Malloch; fulvitarsis Rohwer; ob- longa, campanula, solitaria, salutatrix, chalybea, and parallela Smith; meridonalis, gigantea, jonesii and elongata Turner. The following new species are described: in the genus Mallochia—arnaui, alini and calalao; in the genus Tiphia—osborni, ripaliwinae, narinensis, geijskesi, boxi, savanna, bogota, insueta, rossi, ramara, vandervechti, caerulea, columbiana, huallaga, wosuna, silvae, Surinam, aguacatal, bartica, phaedra, hodgesi, pallisteri, penai, lima, pas- taza, ancha, delta, cuzcoa, maria, monsona, manni, browni, scalar if or mis, quin- cemila, iquitosa, gilvapennis, academae, bassleri, cosquina, jujuya, teutonia, sierra, alpha, gamma, parkeri, plaumanni, colalao, walzi, arnaui, beta, catarina, sao- paula, lassana, cornelliana, diamantina, cumana, uruouma, sankutei, makdona, selloi, cordoba, michelbacheri, parana, shannoni, malleri, inusitata, annabella, corumba, and tonia. Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1972 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.25 (paper cover) Stock Number 4700-0189 Contents Page Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 2 Key to Genera of New World Tiphiinae 2 Genus Epomidiopteron Romand 3 Genus Mallochia, New Genus 4 Genus Tiphia Fabricius 7 Countries North of Brazil 7 Keys to Species 7 Descriptions of Species 8 Tropical Brazil 25 Keys to Species 25 Descriptions of Species 25 Peru-Equador-Bolivia Area 27 Keys to Species 27 Descriptions of Species 29 Southern South America 43 Keys to Species 43 Descriptions of Species 45 Tiphiinae of Uncertain Position 73 Literature Cited 73 Index 75 Harry W. Allen A Monographic Study of the Subfamily Tiphiinae (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) of South America Introduction ly enlarged punctures of the abdominal terga and the anteriomedial tubercles of the second sternum. In so far as my studies extend, the subfamily Tiphiinae In arranging the data on the genus Tiphia it has in South America is restricted to four genera: Epo- been found convenient to consider in turn the species midiopteron, which is known to extend from Peru and of four different regions; i.e. (1) the countries north French Guiana to southern Arizona; Mallochia, newly of Brazil, (2) the Amazon Valley of Brazil, (3) the proposed and presently known only from southern countries Peru, Equador, and Bolivia, and (4) south- South America; Tiphia, of worldwide distribution; ern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina. In the and Tiphoides, proposed by Brethes for two Argentin- material studied there appears to be very little overlap ian species in 1913 and not identified since by other of species between these regions. There also appear to workers. The genera Paratiphia, Krombeinia and Neo- be very few species from the West Indies, Central tiphia, relatively common in western North America America, or Mexico that also occur in northern South have not been found in South America. Only the ge- America. However, males taken at several localities in nus Tiphia has been commonly collected in South Panama and Venezuela I am unable to separate from America. In this paper 98 species have been mention- intermedia, the most common species of eastern North ed of which 76 are new to science. America. Many of the characters used in this paper are the The average size of the first cubital cell among fe- same as used by the author in numerous previous pa- males in 16 species of South American Tiphia which pers and have been recently illustrated and discussed have been measured is 24 times the stigmal area, with in 1971 Transactions of the American Entomological a range from 10 to 40. This seems to indicate that the Society, volume 97, pages 204-212. species in the neotropical area differ as a group from In the South American species of the genus Tiphia those in western North America. In the latter area several characters are found that are of worldwide measurements have been made on 28 species. The occurrence. These include the grooved basitarsus, and range in size of the first cubital cell in respect to the the scutellar median escarpment of the female, the stigma is from 5 to 34, with an average of only 14. It elongated radial cell, and the fifth sternal denticles in is noteworthy that only four species had cells smaller the male. Characters not encountered outside South than the average from South America. Two of these America include the encircling escarpments and great- were from the Panama Canal Zone and were respec- tively 30 and 34 times larger than the stigma. The Harry W. Allen, Research Fellow, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Collaborator, other two were from the State of Puebla, Mexico, a United States Department of Agriculture, Moorestown, New relatively short distance from the isthmus of Tehuan- Jersey. tepec, and were 28 and 30. It is tempting to suspect SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY that these last four species represent penetration into During this period, H. L. Parker and his associates North America of South American species, as has oc- were able to study the parasite relationships of several curred with many other species of animals. Scarabaeidae in the area southward of Sao Paulo, The subfamily Tiphiinae in South America has re- Brazil. One species of Tiphia was reared in large num- ceived very little attention from systematists. In 1836, bers from its Scarabaeid host. M. Romand described the brightly-marked wasp, Epo- midiopteron julii from French Guiana. In 1855 and in Acknowledgments 1879, F. Smith described four species from tropical Brazil and one from Colombia. No others were added The research on this project has been supported in until the period from 1908 to 1912 when four new part by the National Science Foundation. For the species were described by R. W. Turner, five by J. loan of material or other assistance I am indebted to Brethes, and one by S. A. Rohwer. It is not possible the following institutions and individuals: to identify any of these from the original descriptions. G. W. Byers, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas (UK). The holotypes of all Smith's species and three of Turn- R. C. Froeschner and K. V. Krombein, United States Na- er's in the British Museum have been redescribed in tional Museum, Washington, D. C. (USNM). detail by the author. A special effort has been made to M. Ivanochko, Canad'an National Collection, Ottawa, Can- learn about the present status of Brethes' types which ada (CNC). should be in Buenos Aires, but without results. S. Kelner-Pillault, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, It is regrettable that in this monograph so many France (MNHP). species are represented only by one sex and the holo- S. Konigsmann, Zoologische Museum der Humboldt-Univer- type specimen. In only four species have both sexes sitat, Berlin, East Germany (ZMB). H. B. Leech, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, been recognized and described. It seems obvious that California (CAS). some species have been described under one name L. L. Pechuman, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York as a male and under another as a female. However, (CU). until more data is available, it will be impossible to J. G. Rosen, Jr., American Museum of Natural History, New match these correctly. York, New York (AMNH). The excellent collecting of J.