IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP Indian Minerals Yearbook 2016 (Part- II : Metals & Alloys) 55th Edition IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP (FINAL RELEASE) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF MINES INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES Indira Bhavan, Civil Lines, NAGPUR – 440 001 PHONE/FAX NO. (0712) 2565471 PBX : (0712) 2562649, 2560544, 2560648 E-MAIL : [email protected] Website: www.ibm.gov.in February, 2018 9-1 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP 9 Iron & Steel and Scrap ron & steel is decidedly the vital component of of iron & steel is sufficient to meet the domestic Ia country's economy and is considered demand, it imports mainly finished/semi-finished amongst the driving force of modernisation. steel and iron & steel (scrap) to meet specific The level of per capita consumption of steel is requirements and supply of essential grades. treated as one of the important indicators of socio-economic development and living Liberalisation of the Indian Steel Sector standards in any country. Steel continues to The Government's new economic policies be the foremost of engineering materials, which have opened up opportunities for expansion of not only is environment-friendly but also is the Steel Industry. With a view to accelerating recyclable. growth in the Steel Sector, the Government since The finished steel production in India has 1991 has been initiating and implementing a grown from a mere 1.1 million tonnes in 1951 to number of policy measures. These measures have 90.98 million tonnes in 2015-16. There, however impacted the Indian Steel Sector positively in was a decline of 1.3% in the production reported terms of modernisation and growth. from that of the last year in the segment of Finsihed Steel for Sale. The contribution of non- NATIONAL STEEL POLICY alloy steel segment stood at 82.72 million tonnes, The New National Steel Policy-2017 has been while the rest was contributed by alloy steel. The approved on 03.05.2017 and some of the growth in the Steel Sector in the early decades Highlights of the National Steel Policy 2017 are after independence was mainly in the Public enumerated below: Sector units. However, following the adoption of new economic policy and subsequent 1. The Indian steel sector has grown rapidly deregulation and decontrol of Indian Iron & over the past few years and presently it is the Steel Sector, the 1990s witnessed accelerated third largest steel producer globally, contributing growth in the Private Sector, catapulting its to about 2% of the country’s GDP. India has also share of finished steel production from 45% in crossed 100 MT mark for production for sale in 1992-93 to 85.70% in 2015-16. 2016-17. Steel exports from India began in 1964. Exports 2. The New Steel Policy, 2017 aspires to in the first five years were mainly as a result of achieve 300MT of steel making capacity by 2030. low demand in the domestic Iron and Steel market. This would translate into additional investment Exports subsequently declined due to revival of of `10 lakh crore by 2030-31. domestic demand. India once again started exporting steel in 1975 which subsequently 3. The Policy seeks to increase consumption registered a slump due to rising domestic demand. of steel and the major segments that could Post liberalisation, a rejuvenation in the Steel influence the consumpion are Infrastructure, Sector resulted in large-scale exports of iron and Automobiles and Housing. New Steel Policy seeks steel. In 2015-16,India exported 4.72 million tonnes to increase per capita steel consumption to the of steel and 4.08 million tonnes of finished steel, level of 160 kg by 2030 from the existing level of respectively. Though the country's production around 60 kg. 9-2 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP 4. Potential of MSME Steel Sector has been dependence on coking coal to 50% by recognised. Policy stipulates encouragement and 2030-31. adoption of energy efficient technologies in the e) To be net exporter of steel by 2025-26. MSME Steel Sector to improve the overall f) Encourage industry to be a world leader productivity and reduce energy intensity. on energy and raw material efficient steel production by 2030-31, in a safe and 5. Steel Ministry will facilitate R&D in the sustainable manner. Sector through the establishment of Steel g) Develop and implement quality standards Research and Technology Mission of India for domestic steel products. (SRTMI). The initiative is aimed to spearhead R&D of national importance in Iron & Steel Sector utilising tripartite synergy amongst Industry, STRUCTURE AND ROLE OF national R&D laboratories and academic INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY institutions. India is currently the 3rd largest producer of crude steel in the world. Earlier, as per the 6. Ministry through policy measures will Notifications released by Ministry of Steel dated ensure availability of raw materials like iron ore, 12.12.2013 and 24.04.2015, a steel plant had been coking coal and non-coking coal, natural gas , etc. classified on the basis of process route/ at competitive rates. technology adopted and on the basis of size/ 7. With the roll out of the National Steel capacity. The classification was Primary steel Policy-2017, it is envisaged that the Industry will producers, Integrated steel producers, Secondary be steered in creating an environment for steel producers and Other steel producers. promoting domestic steel and thereby ensuring a Subsequently, the guidelines for classification scenario where production meets the anticipated have been revised vide Notification dated pace of growth in consumption, through a 12.05.2016, and as per the latest classification, technologically advanced and globally steel producers with their registered office competitive Steel Industry. This will be facilitated addresses will be listed plant-wise & location-wise by Ministry of Steel, in coordination with relevant in accordance with the crude steel production Ministries, as may be required. capacity. The earlier classification along with The principal objectives that the National process route adopted for iron/steel making as Steel Policy 2017 aims to achieve are the following: 'Integrated steel plants', 'Primary steel producers' 'Secondary steel producers', 'Main producers', a) Build a globally competitive industry with 'Major producers' and 'Others' stands to be a crude steel capacity of 300 MT by withdrawn as per the latest notfication. 2030-31. b) Increase per Capita Steel Consumption to In 2015-16, the production of hot metal was 160 kg by 2030-31. 58.70 million tonnes and the percentage share of c) To domestically meet entire demand of Private Sector was about 66%. The production of high-grade automotive steel, electrical pig iron was 9.23 million tonnes and the steel, special steels and alloys for percentage share of Private Sector was about 92%. strategic applications by 2030-31. d) Increase domestic availability of washed In the year 2015-16, the production of sponge coking coal so as to reduce import iron was 22.43 million tonnes. The production of 9-3 IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP crude steel was 89.79 million tonnes and finished The structure of the Indian Steel Industry in steel was 90.98 million tonnes. 2015-16 is furnished in Table-1. Production of iron & steel, crude steel, pig iron and finished steel The Secondary Steel Sector constitutes for sale (alloy/ non-alloy) by SAIL, TSL, RINL, Electric Arc Furnace/Induction Furnace, pig iron/ ESL, JSWL, JSPL and other producers along with sponge iron units, re-rolling units, HR units, CR production of crude steel from oxygen route, units, galvanised/colour coated units, tin plate units, wire-drawing units, etc. for producing either electric arc furnance route and induction furnance semi-finished or finished steel. route during the year 2011-12 to 2015-16 have been reflected in Table-2. Also, the production of The important iron & steel units in India are sponge iron through gas-based & coal-based Steel Authority of India, Rashtriya Ispat Nigam units during the year 2011-12 to 2015-16 is also Ltd, Tata Steel, Essar Steel, JSW Steel, Jindal Steel provided in Table-2. The production of iron & & Power Ltd, Bhushan Steel Ltd and Bhushan Steel by Public and Private Sectors during 2011- Power & Steel Ltd as well as large number of Mini 12 to 2015-16 is furnished in Table-3. The details Steel Plants based on Electric Furnaces & Energy on plant-wise capacity and production of hot metal Optimising Furnaces (EOF). Besides the steel producing units, there are a large number of and crude/liquid steel are listed out in Table-4. Sponge Iron Plants, Mini Blast Furnace units, Hot Table-5 elucidates the production of crude/liquid & Cold Rolling Mills & Galvanising/Colour steel by BOF and EAF/IF routes. Prices of steel Coating units which are spread across the country. are provided in Table-6. Table – 1 : Structure of the Indian Steel Industry, 2015-16 (Capacity/Production: In million tonnes) Total Production Sector Type of units No. of Annual Capacity 2014-15 2015-16 units capacity Utilization Crude Steel SAIL, TSL, RINL, ESL, 13 64.87 73% 46.08 47.42 JSWL, JSPL Other Producers >1368 57.10 74% 42.90 42.37 Public Sector 9 23.82 75% 17.20 17.92 Private Sector >1372 98.15 73% 71.77 71.87 Pig iron/ Hot Metal 27 42.51 9.691 9.231 Sponge Iron >324 48.63 24.24 22.43 Plates NA NA 4.71 4.28 HR (Coils/sheets/skelp NA NA 26.49 28.12 strips) CR (coils/sheets/ NA NA 10.56 9.64 strips) GP/GC/Elec sheets NA NA 7.14 7.91 Tin plate NA NA 0.35 0.33 Source: Annual Report of Ministry of Steel, 2015-16 & 2016-17.