FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION PROJECT NICA/MPD Passport of the NICA accelerator complex Dubna, 2015 OVERALL Initial release JINR Functional Requirement Specification Date: 20/01/2015 VBLHEP Project NICA/MPD Page 1of 19 Prepared by: Organization Telephone, e-mail Date 01 February 2015 JINR Editors/Authors: Igor Meshkov — Scientific Leader of the +7 (496) 21 65 193 NICA Accelerator complex Project [email protected] Grigory Trubnikov — Leader of the +7 (496) 21 65 677 Nuclotron-NICA Project [email protected] Anatoly Sidorin — Deputy Leader of the +7 (496) 21 65 813 Nuclotron-NICA Project [email protected] Co-authors: N.N. Agapov, V.S. Aleksandrov, O.I. Brovko, A.V. Butenko, E.D. Donets, E.E. Donets, D.E. Donets, A.V. Eliseev, A.A. Fateev, V.V. Fimushkin, A.R. Galimov, E.V. Gorbachev, A.I. Govorov, E.V. Ivanov, V.N. Karpinsky, V.D. Kekelidze, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, V.V. Kobets, O.S. Kozlov, S.A. Kostromin, A.D. Kovalenko, G.L. Kuznetsov, R. Lednicky, N.I. Lebedev, V.A. Matveev, V.A. Mikhailov, V.A. Monchinsky, Yu.K. Potrebenikov, A.V. Philippov, S.V. Romanov, P.A. Rukoyatkin, N.V. Semin, N.A. Shurkhno, A.I. Sidorov, V.M. Slepnev, A.V. Smirnov, A.S. Sorin, N.D. Topilin, A.V. Tuzikov, V.I. Volkov OVERALL Initial release JINR Functional Requirement Specification Date: 20/01/2015 VBLHEP Project NICA/MPD Page 2of 19 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ……………………………..…………………3 2. Mission Statement …………………….…………………...3 3. Project Goals ………………………………………………4 4. Key Assumptions, Interfaces and Constraints .…...………..5 5. Additional Project Goals…………………………………...6 6. Facility Scope………………………………………………6 7. Functional Requirements……………………...……………7 8. References…………………………………………………19 OVERALL Initial release JINR Functional Requirement Specification Date: 20/01/2015 VBLHEP Project NICA/MPD Page 3of 19 1. Introduction: Project NICA/MPD (Nuclotron based Ion Collider fAcility and Multi Purpose Detector) is an accelerator facility conceived to implement a world-leading program in particle physics at JINR.A description of the physics program envisioned is available on the web. Project NICA/MPD is a part of the JINR Roadmap for 2009-2016 is described in the JINR 7-years Program. It is approved by Scientific Council of JINR and The Committee of Plenipotentiaries of JINR in 2009. That is a flagship project of JINR presently. The project comprises experimental studies of fundamental character in the fields of the following directions of experimental research: 1. Relativistic nuclear physics — search for mixed phase, phase transitions and critical phenomena in strongly interacting baryonic matter; 2. Spin physics in high and middle energy range of interacting particles; 3. Radiobiology. Applied researches based on particle beams generated at NICA are dedicated to development of novel technologies in material science, environmental problems resolution (like radioactive waste transmutation), energy generation (accelerator driven nuclear reactors), particle beam therapy and others. Education program using the facility for performance of research works having the goal of teaching of young specialists. Project NICA/MPD can serve the wide researchers community in different fields of science and technology where intense and high energy particle beams are required. 2. Mission Statement: Project NICA/MPD, a modern accelerator facility, will support world-leading programs in long base line relativistic nuclear physics and particle spin physics, radiobiology, applied research and education. It will be unique among accelerator facilities worldwide in its flexibility to support multiple research programs based on particle beams of the frontier parameters. The main goal of the project is a study of hot and dense strongly interacting matter in heavy ion (up to Au) collisions at centre-of-mass energies up to 11 GeV. Two modes of operation are foreseen, collider mode and extracted beams, with two detectors: MPD and BM@N. An average luminosity in the collider mode is expected as 1027 cm−2·s−1 for Au79+. Extracted beams of various nuclei species with maximum momenta of 13 GeV/c (for protons) will be available. A study of spin physics with extracted and colliding beams of polarized deuterons and protons at the energies up to 27 GeV (for protons) is foreseen with the NICA facility. The proposed program allows to search for possible signs of the phase transitions and critical phenomena as well as to shed light on the problem of nucleon spin structure. OVERALL Initial release JINR Functional Requirement Specification Date: 20/01/2015 VBLHEP Project NICA/MPD Page 4of 19 3. Project Goals: The global scientific goal of the NICA/MPD Project is to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter in the region of highly compressed baryonic matter. Such matter exists in neutron stars and in the core of supernova explosions, while in the early Universe we meet opposite conditions of very high temperature and vanishing baryonic density. In terrestrial experiments, high-density nuclear matter can transiently be created in some reaction volume in relativistic heavy ion collisions. In these collisions a large fraction of the beam energy is converted into newly created hadrons and excitation of resonances whose properties may noticeably be modified by the surrounding hot and dense medium. At very high temperatures or densities, this hadron’s mixture melts and its constituents, quarks and gluons, form a new phase of matter, the quark-gluon plasma. The heavy-ion experiments at CERN-SPS and BNL-RHIC as well as the coming CERN- LHC experiments probe the region of high temperatures and low net baryon densities where circumstantial evidence has been obtained for a new phase of matter existing above a temperature of about 160 ÷ 170 MeV. At lower temperature and moderate baryonic density, the GSI-SIS experiments definitely show no hint at a phase transition but certainly there are in-medium modification effects. At very high densities and very low temperatures the matter is deconfined and, as predicted, correlated quark-antiquark pairs form a color superconductive phase. Such phase may be created in the interior of neutron stars. The NICA/MPD project is dedicated to the search at intermediate values of temperature and densities, where essential evidences were obtained by the NA49 collaboration within the low-energy CERN-SPS program that the system enters a new phase at beam energy of about 30 GeV/u. The importance of this finding was well understood at GSI, where the CBM (Compressed Baryon Matter) experiment is under development within the FAIR project, and by the BNL-RHIC, where a limited statistics of Au + Au collisions has already been collected at decreased beam collider energies to study this domain of the phase diagram. The studies of the nucleon spin structure is the first priority task for the scientific program of The Spin Physics Detector (SPD) project at the NICA facility. Since the famous “spin crisis” in 1987, this problem of the nucleon spin structure remains one of the most intriguing puzzle of high energy physics. The central component of this problem attracting for many years enormous both theoretical and experimental efforts, is a search for answering the questions, how the spin of the proton is built up from spins and orbital momenta of its constituents.The searches brought up a concept of the Parton Distribution Functions (PDF) in nucleon. Now we know that must be about 50 different PDF for a complete description of the nucleon structure. Some of them can be considered as sufficiently well known, when others either are absolutely unknown, or poorly known, especially the spin dependent ones. Fixed target experiments at proton and ion beams delivered (up to 2001) by Synchrophasotron and (after 2001) by Nuclotron is long-lived research program at VBLHEP. It will be continued at the beams from upgraded Nuclotron having the goal of studies in all the particle physics fields proposed for NICA/MPD and SPD, but in lower energy range. Thus, these studies will be complementary to those performed at the NICA Collider. The Nuclotron beams will be used also for tests of MPD and SPD elements. OVERALL Initial release JINR Functional Requirement Specification Date: 20/01/2015 VBLHEP Project NICA/MPD Page 5of 19 The new NICA accelerator facility will provide numerous particle beams of wide parameter spectrum. That allows one to perform both applied and fundamental research in different fields of science and technology. Among them one can point out: − radiobiology and cosmic medicine; − cancer therapy; − development of accelerator driven reactors (“energy generation” with subcritical plutonium blankets) and radioactive waste transmutation; − test of radiation proof electronics. Education program is one of the first priority activities at JINR, as formulated in JINR Roadmap. The proposed NICA facility offers various possibilities for teaching and qualification procedures including practice at experimental set ups and test benches, preparation of diploma works, PhD, and doctoral (corresponding to “habilitierter Doktor” in Germany) theses. 4. Key Assumptions, Interfaces and Constraints: NICA facility is constructed on the VBLHEP site and will utilize the upgraded Nuclotron. The Nuclotron upgrade is in progress and will be completed in the frames of Nuclotron-NICA project. Project NICA/MPD is the JINR flagship project being fulfilled by world-wide international collaboration. That involves the Institutions from JINR member-states and other countries. Project NICA/MPD technology choices will exploit