INVESTIGATION OF PASSIVE CONTROL OF IRREGULAR BUILDING STRUCTURES USING BIDIRECTIONAL TUNED MASS DAMPER THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Mariantonieta Gutierrez Soto Graduate Program in Civil Engineering The Ohio State University 2012 Master's Examination Committee: Dr. Hojjat Adeli, Advisor Dr. Ethan Kubatko Dr. Vadim Utkin Copyright by Mariantonieta Gutierrez Soto 2012 ABSTRACT Eight different sets of equations proposed for tuning the parameters of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are compared using a 5-story building with plan and elevation irregularity, and a 15-story and a 20-story building with plan irregularity subjected to seismic loading. Next, the performance of bidirectional tuned mass damper (BTMD) is compared with that of the pendulum tuned mass damper (PTMD) using three different structures with plan and vertical irregularities ranging in height from 5 to 20 stories and dominant fundamental periods ranging from 0.55 sec to 4.25 sec subjected to Loma Prieta earthquake. It is concluded that BTMD performs consistently better than PTMD for reduction of maximum displacement, acceleration and base shear. BTMD is advantageous over PTMD because it can be tuned for two modes of vibrations and therefore can be used as an alternative to using two TMDs. Then, the effectiveness of BTMD is investigated using a 20-story building structure with plan irregularity subjected to six seismic accelerograms. Finally, the optimal placement of the BTMD is investigated using five different multi-story building structures with plan and elevation irregularities ranging in height from 5 to 20 stories and fundamental periods ranging from 0.55 sec to 4.25 sec subjected to Loma Prieta earthquake. ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to all people who want to know or build safer buildings. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people see the development of a thesis difficult to achieve, others are filled with egocentrism unavoidable, however there are people without forgetting their merit who have acknowledged that without the support of professionals and institutions in one way or another they facilitate, contribute and expand their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this research. It is therefore my pleasure to use this space to be fair and consistent with them, expressing my acknowledgements. First and foremost, my utmost gratitude is to my advisor Dr. Hojjat Adeli, The Abba G. Lichtenstein Professor of Civil Engineering for accepting me to do this thesis under his guidance. His support and confidence in my work and his ability to guide my thinking has been an invaluable contribution, not only in the development of this thesis, but also in my development as a researcher. He has been a source for my inspiration and motivation. Own ideas, always framed in his orientation and rigor, which has been the key to the good work we have done together, which cannot be conceived without his always actively participation. I am also thankful for always providing me the means to carry out all the activities proposed for the development of this thesis. Also for his advice in courses, seminars and conferences related to this field. His leadership, patience and steadfast encouragement to complete this study; allowed me to take my first steps as a iv professional which simultaneously became a solid foundation for my work habits with which help me to face the future. Thank you very much Dr. Adeli. I would also like to acknowledge my sincere gratitude to the rest of my thesis committee members: Dr. Ethan Kubatko, Professor at Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineer Department for which I give my special thanks. The few times that we held discussions on finite element topics, generally, I was clearly outweighed and highly enriched by the quality of our conversations. Dr. Kubatko, thank you very much and I hope in the near future we have other opportunities to share our views. And last but not least, I consider it an honor to have Dr. Vadim Utkin, Professor at the Electrical Engineer Department, as my committee member. Thank you for your encouragement and insightful comments. Dr. Amelia Mieses, Technical Support Engineer at Computers and Structures, for her valuable assistance in the software SAP2000 and ETABS license and technical support that made this research possible. Dr. Jose Luis Almazan, Professor of the Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Santiago, Chile), for his patience, availability and generosity in sharing his experience and extensive knowledge on this research, especially in bidirectional homogenous tuned mass dampers. His collaboration was a great help. Thank you also for thoughtful and quick responses to the different concerns that emerged during the development of this work, which has also been reflected in the good results achieved. v Dr. Diego Lopez Garcia, Professor of the Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Santiago, Chile), for his expertise and assistance with damping systems subjected to earthquake loading, giving wise advice, helping with various applications, recommendation books, and so on. Despite the distance, he has painstakingly e-mailed the information I needed. Engineering Faculty at the Ohio State University (Columbus, OH), for their untiring effort in encouraging the teaching staff to pursue professional growth, such as, Dr. Carolyn Merry, Chair and Professor at The Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineer Department, whose sincerity and encouragement I will never forget, and for helping the departments to run smoothly. And Mrs. Cynthia Crawford, Department Fiscal Officer for giving me all her feedback and advice from the first time I step at OSU. The French Fellowship received from College of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering supervised by Dr. William Wolfe, Chair of the Graduate Committee in Civil Engineering. Thank you for funding much of my masters studies forgivable bestowing a scholarship from the call of the year 2010. Dr. John Merrill, for the financial support received from the First-Year Engineering program and the great opportunity to interact with students which have been a source of motivation and an opportunity to grow as a professional. The Computer Systems Department from The Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineer Department at the Ohio State University (Columbus, OH), especially to Mr. Daniel Vehr, Computer Systems Manager, who was always generous and willing, who shared knowledge and experience of how to improve my computer skills, especially his vi assistance when the system broke down multiple times during the development of this research. The Science and Engineering Library (SEL) at The Ohio State University (Columbus, OH), for being open 24 hours 7 days a week, for having all the subject areas in relation to Engineering majors, and for assisting me in so many different ways. My teammates, colleagues and doctors, I have only words of gratitude, especially for those times when one could be below expectations: it has been long hard roads which sometimes setting goals makes one forget the importance of human contact. However, as in all activities of life, always at the end there are some criteria that allow you to prioritize and this is why I emphasize my thanks to Adithya Jayakumar, Shawn Hall, Rachael Meyer, Justin Shen and Nengmou Wang for their help and feedback in my moments of doubt and uncertainty. And of course, to the most deep and heartfelt gratitude goes to my family. Without their support, collaboration and inspiration would have been impossible to carry out this tough research. To my father Argenis, for his example of patience and generosity, my mother Nélida, for her continuous support and honesty, and my dear sister Mariaryeni, for her tenacity, focus and a great role model in pursuing dreams! Finally, the one above all of us, the omnipresent God, for answering my prayers for giving me the strength to plod on despite my constitution wanting to give up and throw in the towel, thank you so much Dear Lord. vii VITA February 12, 1988 ........................................ Born - Caracas, Venezuela July 2004 ..................................................... U. E. “Luis E. Egui Arocha” High School May 2010 .................................................... B.S. Civil Engineering, Lamar University 2010 ........................................................... French Fellowship, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University 2011 to present ........................................... Graduate Teaching Associate, First-Year Engineering Program, The Ohio State University FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Civil Engineering viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... II DEDICATION .............................................................................................................. III ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................IV VITA ......................................................................................................................... VIII FIELDS OF STUDY .................................................................................................. VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................................IX