FOSTERING AND LEVERAGING OPPORTUNITIES Public Disclosure Authorized FOR WATER SECURITY (FLOWS) Public Disclosure Authorized MIE Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Public Disclosure Authorized FABRUARY, 2020 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK MIE (Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment) FEBRUARY, 2020 The Environmental and Social Management Framework was prepared by: - Pëllumb Gjinolli - EIA Expert, Team Leader - Menka Spirovska – EIA expert - Julijana Nikova, EIA expert - Kristina Petrovska, EIA expert - Boris Stipcarov, Social Expert ALB Architect, February 2020 Page 2 of 191 ESMF Contents 1. NON TECHNICAL AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................... 7 2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 10 2.1. Context...................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2. Objectives of the Environmental and Social Management Framework ................................................... 11 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................................... 12 3.1. Project Development Objective ................................................................................................................ 12 3.2. Project Components ................................................................................................................................. 12 3.3. Results Chain ............................................................................................................................................. 19 4. LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................... 20 4.1. Foreword ................................................................................................................................................... 20 4.2. Relevant Institutions for the Project ......................................................................................................... 20 4.3. National Environmental and Social Legal Framework .............................................................................. 21 4.3.1. National Environmental Legal Framework ........................................................................................ 21 4.3.2. Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure ................................................................................. 25 4.3.3. National Social Legislation Overview ................................................................................................. 28 4.4. World Bank Environmental and Social Framework .................................................................................. 30 4.4.1. Environmental and Social Risk Classification ..................................................................................... 33 4.4.2. Projects Involving Multiple Small Subprojects .................................................................................. 34 4.4.3. Relevance of Environmental and Social Standards for FLOWS Project ............................................. 34 4.4.4. Other Relevant World Bank Documents ........................................................................................... 35 5. STAKEHOLDERS ENGAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS ............................................................................................... 39 5.1. Disclosure of ESMF ................................................................................................................................... 39 5.2. Public Consultations .................................................................................................................................. 40 5.3. Grievance Redress Mechanism ................................................................................................................. 40 5.4. Establishment of Grievance Redress Committee ..................................................................................... 42 6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE AND ANALYSIS ............................................................................... 43 6.1. Physical Environment ................................................................................................................................ 43 6.1.1. Geographical Position ........................................................................................................................ 43 6.1.2. Hydrology, Water Quality, Water Supply and Water Treatment ...................................................... 45 6.1.2.1. Water Quality ................................................................................................................................. 47 6.1.2.2 Drinking Water Supply ..................................................................................................................... 49 6.1.2.3. Irrigation System............................................................................................................................. 49 6.1.3. Waste Management .......................................................................................................................... 50 6.1.4. Air Quality .......................................................................................................................................... 52 6.1.5. Climate and Climate Change.............................................................................................................. 53 ALB Architect, February 2020 Page 3 of 191 ESMF 6.1.6. Soil and Land Use ............................................................................................................................... 54 6.1.7. Soil Erosion ........................................................................................................................................ 56 6.1.8. Floods ................................................................................................................................................ 56 6.2. Biological Environment ............................................................................................................................. 57 6.2.1 Biodiversity and Nature Protection ............................................................................................ 57 6.2.2. Forests ........................................................................................................................................ 59 6.3. Social Environment ............................................................................................................................. 60 6.3.1. Population ......................................................................................................................................... 60 6.3.2. Migration ........................................................................................................................................... 61 6.3.3. Economy ............................................................................................................................................ 61 6.3.4. Health ................................................................................................................................................ 63 6.3.5. Education ........................................................................................................................................... 64 6.3.6. Culture and Religion .......................................................................................................................... 64 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT .................................................................. 65 7.1. Environmental Impact Assessment ........................................................................................................... 66 7.2. Social Impact Assessment ......................................................................................................................... 74 7.3. Environmental and Social Screening for the Sub - projects .................................................................. 76 8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS AND IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...................................... 79 8.1. Possible social impacts and mitigation measures ..................................................................................... 80 8.2. Possible Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase .......................... 83 8.3. Possible Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures During Operation Phase ............................ 110 9. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING ............................................................................................... 125 9.1. Monitoring Framework for ESMF ........................................................................................................... 125 10. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 128 11. CAPACITY BUILDING .................................................................................................................................... 132 11.1. Modes of training ....................................................................................................................