Non-Profit Organization 501 Whitaker Street I Savannah, GA 31401 I www.georgiahistory.com 260 14th Street NW, Suite A-148 I Atlanta, GA 30318 U.S.Postage PAID Savannah, GA Permit No. 323 Happenings GEORGIA HISTORICAL MARKER DEDICATIONS Colonial Faire & Muster Civil War 150 Marker Dedication February 5-6, 2011, 10 a.m.-4 p.m. African-American Soldiers in Combat Wormsloe State Historic Site, Savannah October 6, 2010, 10:30 a.m. Super Museum Sunday Fort Hill School, Dalton February 6, 2011, noon-4 p.m The Battles of Atlanta Over 40 cultural institutions around the state Friday, October 22, 2010, 9 a.m. Georgia Day Parade Carter Center, Atlanta February 11, 2011, 10:30 a.m. Civil War Slave Conspiracy Forsyth Park, Savannah November 22, 2010, 2 p.m. 2011 Trustees Gala Quitman City Hall, Quitman Honoring Vince Dooley and Sam Nunn Georgia Seccession Convention February 12, 2011, 7 p.m. January 19, 2011 Hyatt Regency Savannah Milledgeville PROGRAMS AFFILIATE AWARDS PRESENTATION CEREMONIES An Evening with Leah Ward Sears 2010 Roger K. Warlick Local History Achievement Award September 2, 6 p.m. Presented to Legacy Museum on Main & Troup County Historical Society Lucas Theatre, Savannah November 2, 2010, 12 p.m. Book Signing: Crossroads of Conflict LaGrange Country Club, LaGrange GHS hosts Barry L. Brown and Gordon R. Elwell Affiliate of the Year Award Monday, November 8, 2010, 2-4 p.m. Presented to Historic Augusta, Inc. Georgia Historical Society, 501 Whitaker St., Savannah November 4, 2010, 5:30 p.m. 172nd Annual GHS Membership and Garden Party The Wallace House at the Augusta Country Club, Augusta April 14, 2011 More details to come GEORGIA HISTORY FESTIVAL 2011 Kickoff EXHIBIT Featuring Gary E. Moulton, editor of The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition A Civil War 150 Event February 3, 2011, 7 p.m. Conquered Banners: Georgia’s Civil War Flags Trinity United Methodist Church, Savannah December 7, 2010-December 30,2011 Hodgson Hall, Savannah t o georgia d Perspectives a CONTENTS A Belated Tale of Unsung Valor history y by W. Todd Groce, Ph.D. On October 6, 2010 as part of the Civil War 150 Volume 4, Number 3 Fall 2010 Perspectives Page Historical Marker Project the Georgia Historical Society, A Belated Tale of Unsung Valor left the Georgia Department of Economic Development, and by W. Todd Groce, Ph.D. the Georgia Battlefields Association dedicated a historical ThemissionoftheGeorgiaHistoricalSocietyistocollect, marker in Dalton telling a little known but important preserve,andshareGeorgiaandAmericanhistory. 2 story of the war in Georgia. The keynote speaker was former UN ambassador, Atlanta mayor, and Martin editor Stan Deaton Luther King lieutenant Andrew Young. Feature It was a beautiful fall day as the nearly 500 who attended assistant editor Remembering Georgia’s Native People 2 the event gathered on the side of a hill where the U. S. Army Summer Teal Simpson by Edwin L. Jackson had built a fort to protect the Western and Atlantic design and layout Railroad, General Sherman's supply line during the Atlanta Modish campaign. In early 1864, Sherman had been reinforced contributors with a number of newly formed black regiments, but he had John Dickinson, Edwin L. Jackson, Jessica Leigh Lebos a low opinion of their fighting quality. So as he advanced on photography Atlanta with the main army, the general left his black Inside GHS 6 6 Edwin L. Jackson, William Hanley, Charles Snyder soldiers behind to guard the rail line. The 2011 Georgia History Festival: board of curators Honoring Sequoyah and Georgia’s 2011 Trustees Two regiments, the 14th and 44th United States by Stan Deaton, Ph.D. Colored Troops, were posted as a part of the garrison at chairman Dalton. Most of the enlisted men were from the area, Bill Jones III, Sea Island former slaves who joined up to defeat the Confederacy and vice chairman treasurer secretary secure their freedom. Their chance finally came on Robert L. Brown, Jr. John C. Helmken II Shell Knox August 15, 1864, when they repelled a Confederate cavalry Decatur Savannah Augusta Georgia Gems raid to cut the railroad near Dalton. The Cherokee Papers 8 president and chief executive officer by John Dickinson Two months later, on October 13, the entire W. Todd Groce Confederate Army of Tennessee showed up near the town. Faced with overwhelming numbers and with the massacre honorary curator 8 at Fort Pillow fresh in his memory, the garrison Sam Nunn, Perry/Atlanta commander, Colonel Lewis Johnson of the 44th USCT, curators decided to surrender. The white officers were paroled and James H. Blanchard, Columbus Robert S. Jepson, Jr., Savannah Profiles released. But in accordance with Confederate policy, the Dolly Chisholm, Ex Officio, Savannah John F. McMullan, Atlanta The 2011 Trustees: Vincent Dooley and Sam Nunn 10 black enlisted men were not treated as soldiers. They were Archie H. Davis, Savannah Jackie Montag, Atlanta by Jessica Leigh Lebos sold back into slavery. Reed Dulany, III, Savannah Suzanne Sitherwood, Atlanta and Summer Teal Simpson As the only instances of black troops fighting in Vincent J. Dooley, Athens Mark Smith, Savannah Georgia during the war, these little known episodes are S. Taylor Glover, Atlanta Michael J. Thurmond, Atlanta important. During the next four years the nation will not Thomas M. Holder, Atlanta William J. Todd, Atlanta Christopher E. Humes, Savannah John A Wallace, Atlanta only commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Civil War Phil Jacobs, Atlanta Felker W. Ward, Jr., Atlanta but also the 150th anniversary of emancipation. Along The State of History 14 chairmen emeriti Making History Fun at the Thomastown-Upson Archives 10 with the preservation of the United States, emancipation Kay T. Hightower, Thomaston and Upson Historical Society was the most important outcome of the war. by Penny Cliff The black men who fought at Dalton were Don Kole, Savannah Howard J. Morrison, Jr. Savannah instrumental in that result. It took the pen of Abraham Grace Greer Phillips, Atlanta Lincoln and the bayonets of the soldiers, white and black, Lisa L. White, Savannah of the Army of the United States to destroy slavery. The men of the 14th and 44th USCT struck a blow against staff 15 human bondage that was as necessary as Lincoln's Laura García-Culler, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Milestones Emancipation Proclamation. Kathy Boyd, Administrative Assistant GHS News It’s good to know that of the almost one- Christy Crisp, Director of Programs 14 thousand Civil War historical markers in Georgia Dr. Stan Deaton, Senior Historian On the cover: Karen Dietz, Staff Accountant The 2011 Trustees, legendary describing intricate battlefield maneuvers and UGA football coach Vince extolling the virtues of Confederate heroes, there William Hanley, Historical Marker Survey Coordinator Dooley and former U.S. Nora Lewis, Director of Library and Archives Senator and global policy 16 will now be at least one to tell the tale of how former Katharine Rapkin, Research Specialist maker Sam Nunn. Both will What’s In Store slaves became soldiers of the Republic, doing their Leanda Rix, Director of Grants and Special Projects be in attendance at the 2011 Gift ideas from GHS part to preserve our nation and end slavery. Nearly GHS Trustees Gala in Jenna Schrengohst, IMLS Project Cataloguer February to accept this honor. 150 years after their stand on the hill outside of Lindsay Sheldon, Reference Assistant Dalton, these men are finally getting the Charles Snyder, Program Coordinator credit they have always deserved. Lynette Stoudt, Senior Archivist and Archivist for the Savannah Jewish Archives Torain White, Operations Assistant Back W. Todd Groce is President and CEO of the Georgia Heidi Will, Development Coordinator Happenings cover Historical Society. He can be reached at Brian Williams, Programs Assistant Upcoming Events and Activities [email protected] 16 © Georgia Historical Society, 2010. All rights reserved. ISSN 1937-7967 spearheads known as “Clovis” points. FEATURE The major food sources for Paleo-Indians were giant bison, mastodons, giant sloths, and other large animals, Remembering Georgia’s which they supplemented with berries, fruit, and other wild plants. The bow and arrow had not yet been invented so Native People Paleo-Indian hunters used spears to hunt, creeping up to by Edwin L. Jackson their game to jab the animal at close range. These hunters may have been responsible for eventually developing the atlatl—a device that served as an extension of the arm and allowed a spear to be thrown a greater distance and with much more force. As the mastodons, giant sloths, and other large mammals Long before the Spanish arrived to explore the “new were killed off and the climate warmed, a new culture known world,” people roamed the coasts, piedmont and as “Archaic Indians” developed from 8000 to 1000 B.C. For mountains of the region that would one day become food, they depended on hunting, fishing, and gathering Georgia. In fact, prehistoric Indians inhabited this area for berries and wild plants. They also learned to eat the shrimp, 12,000 or more years before the arrival of the first oysters, and mussels found along the coast and in the rivers explorers in the 16th century. of Georgia’s interior, as evidenced by large heaps of shells Though archaeologists debate how humans initially still visible today. arrived in North America, most believe that the ancestors of Archaic Indians became quite proficient at using the atlatl Georgia’s first inhabitants were nomads from Asia who for killing deer, which meant they spent less time following game herds. Over time they abandoned their nomadic ways migrated across the Bering Strait in search of game during One of the two marble effigies found during the excavation of Mound C and on display at the visitors center of the Etowah Indian Mounds State Historic Site.