Dissertation Nicolette Mamant

Dissertation Nicolette Mamant

Charakterisierung des Aktivierungsmechanismus der HtrA-Protease DegP von E. coli Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat. der Fakultät für Biologie und Geografie an der Universität Duisburg-Essen vorgelegt von Nicolette Mamant aus Essen Gutachter: Prof. Dr. M. Ehrmann, Prof. Dr. B. Siebers, Prof. Dr. H. de Groot Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 17.12.2009 Teile dieser Arbeit sind in folgenden Veröffentlichungen enthalten: Hauske, P., Mamant, N., Hasenbein, S., Nickel, S., Ottmann, C., Clausen, T., Ehrmann, M. und Kaiser, M. (2009) Peptidic small molecule activators of the stress sensor DegS. Mol. BioSyst. , 5(9): 980-985. Meltzer, M., Hasenbein, S., Mamant, N., Merdanovic, M., Poepsel, S., Hauske, P., Kaiser, M., Huber, R., Krojer, T., Clausen, T. und Ehrmann, M. (2009) Structure, function and regulation of the conserved serine proteases DegP and DegS of E. coli. Res. Microbiol., 2009. Meltzer, M., Hasenbein, S., Hauske, P., Kucz, N., Merdanovic, M., Grau, S., Beil, A., Jones, D., Krojer, T., Clausen, T., Ehrmann, M. und Kaiser, M. (2008) Allosteric activation of HtrA protease DegP by stress signals during bacterial protein quality control. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 47 : 1332-1334; Angew. Chem., 120 : 1352-1355. Kucz, N., Meltzer, M. und Ehrmann, M. (2006) Periplasmic proteases and protease inhibitors. The Periplasm , ASM Press, ed. M. Ehrmann: 150-170. In Vorbereitung: Merdanovic, M., Meltzer, M., Mamant, N., Pöpsel, S., Beil, A., Soerensen, R., Hauske, P., Kaiser, M., Nagel-Steger, L., Sickmann, A., Huber, R., Clausen, T. und Ehrmann, M. Determinants of structural and functional plasticity of a widely conserved protease chaperone machine. Verzeichnisse 3 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS .............................................................................................7 TABELLENVERZEICHNIS ..................................................................................................9 ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS..........................................................................................10 1 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ...............................................................................................12 2 EINLEITUNG ................................................................................................................14 2.1 Escherichia coli ........................................................................................................... 14 2.1.1 E. coli als Modellorganismus................................................................................... 14 2.1.2 Die Morphologie von E. coli ....................................................................................14 2.2 Proteinqualtitätskontrolle..........................................................................................17 2.2.1 Chaperone.................................................................................................................17 2.2.2 Proteasen ..................................................................................................................19 2.3 Serinproteasen ............................................................................................................20 2.4 HtrA-Proteasen...........................................................................................................22 2.5 Die periplasmische Serinprotease DegP................................................................... 25 2.5.1 Die Regulation der degP -Expression in der Zelle....................................................25 2.5.2 Die Struktur von DegP .............................................................................................28 2.5.3 Die Doppelfunktion von DegP als Protease und Chaperon .....................................31 2.6 PDZ-Domänen ............................................................................................................33 2.6.1 Die Rolle von PDZ-Domänen in HtrA-Proteasen....................................................37 2.6.2 Die PDZ-Domänen von DegP..................................................................................40 2.7 Die allosterische Aktivierung der HtrA-Protease DegS..........................................42 2.8 Zielsetzung der Arbeit................................................................................................45 3 MATERIAL UND METHODEN ................................................................................. 46 3.1 Allgemeines .................................................................................................................46 3.2 Bakterienstämme........................................................................................................46 3.3 Vektoren und Plasmide..............................................................................................46 3.4 Oligonukleotide...........................................................................................................48 3.5 Antiseren .....................................................................................................................49 3.6 Proteine und Enzyme .................................................................................................49 3.7 Peptide .........................................................................................................................51 3.8 DNA- und Proteinstandards......................................................................................51 3.9 Reaktions- und Nachweis-Kits ..................................................................................52 3.10 Chemikalien ................................................................................................................52 3.11 Geräte ..........................................................................................................................52 3.12 Diverses........................................................................................................................53 3.13 Mikrobiologische Methoden......................................................................................54 Verzeichnisse 4 3.13.1 Sterilisation...........................................................................................................54 3.13.2 Bakterienanzucht..................................................................................................54 3.13.2.1 Herstellung von Nährmedien ...........................................................................54 3.13.2.2 Antibiotika........................................................................................................54 3.13.2.3 Andere Medienzusätze .....................................................................................55 3.13.2.4 Anzucht von E. coli ..........................................................................................55 3.13.2.5 Bestimmung der Zelldichte in Flüssigkulturen ................................................55 3.14 Molekularbiologische Methoden...............................................................................55 3.14.1 Präparation von Plasmid-DNA.............................................................................55 3.14.2 Methoden zur Charakterisierung von DNA ......................................................... 55 3.14.2.1 Restriktionshydrolysen von Plasmid-DNA......................................................55 3.14.2.2 Agarosegelelektrophorese ................................................................................56 3.14.2.3 DNA-Konzentrationsbestimmung.................................................................... 56 3.14.2.4 Sequenzierung ..................................................................................................56 3.14.3 Isolierung von DNA-Fragmenten aus Agarosegelen ...........................................57 3.14.4 Ligierung von DNA-Fragmenten......................................................................... 57 3.14.5 Transformation.....................................................................................................57 3.14.5.1 Herstellung elektrokompetenter Zellen............................................................ 57 3.14.5.2 Elektrotransformation.......................................................................................58 3.14.5.3 Herstellung transformationskompetenter Zellen für die Transformation durch Hitzeschock ............................................................................................ 58 3.14.5.4 Transformation der kompetenten Bakterienzellen mit Plasmid-DNA mittels Hitzeschock...........................................................................................59 3.14.6 Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR)....................................................................... 59 3.14.6.1 Kolonie-PCR....................................................................................................60 3.14.6.2 Oligomutagenese..............................................................................................61 3.14.7 Aufreinigung von PCR-Produkten....................................................................... 62 3.14.8 Plasmidkonstruktionen.........................................................................................62 3.14.8.1 Konstruktion der Plasmide pNK11, pNK12, pNK13 und pNK14...................62 3.14.8.2 Konstruktion der Plasmide zur Expression der DegP-Punktmutanten.............63 3.15 Biochemische Methoden ............................................................................................63

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