SLAMIC ERMS I T SLAMIC ERMS I T by Mohammad Masood Ahmed MA, Islamic Studies Suharwardy, Ashrafi Suffah Foundation Copyright © Mohammad Masood Ahmed, 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication, including its style and format, may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. First Edition 2013 Global Islamic Mission Inc. 73 Hi View Drive / P. O. Box 100 Wingdale, NY 12594 | USA 800-786-9209 www.globalislamicmission.org | [email protected] Second Edition 2014 - 3,000 Copies Suffah Foundation PO Box 1625 | Huddersfield HD1 9QW www.suffahfoundation.com | [email protected] Edited by Waseem Ahmed Cover Design by Umar Farooq Available from: Markazi Jamia Masjid Ghausia, 73 Victoria Road, Huddersfield, HD1 3RT, UK Suffah Institute for Education, Block no.2 Islami Colony, Airport Road, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Suffah Foundation c/o Imtiaz Optical, Dubai Chowk, Sadar Bazar, Lahore, Cantt, Pakistan. Contents Introduction to The Suffah Nifâq…26 Foundation…7 Mufsid…26 Introduction…9 Mulhid…26 Allah…11 Fâsiq…26 Tauhīd…11 Murtad…27 Shirk…12 Kâhin…27 Bida’…12 Iblīs…27 Al‐Arsh…14 Malak…28 Al‐Kursi…15 Hur‐o‐Ghilman…29 Asmâ‐e‐Husna…15 Sahâbi…30 Huqüqullah…15 Ahlul‐Bayt…30 Ghaib…16 Panjetan‐Pak…30 Lawhe‐Mehfüz…16 Ashrâ‐e‐Mubashra…31 Nabi…17 Muhâjir…31 Rasul…17 Ansâr…31 Wahi…18 Hawâri…32 Muhammad…18 As’hâbe‐Badr…32 Ahmad…19 As’hâbus‐Suffah…32 Khatimun‐Nabiyyīn…20 As’hâbul‐Kahf…32 Shafâ’at…20 As’habul‐Fil…32 Maqâm‐e‐Mahmüd…20 Khulfa‐e‐Rashidün…33 Mu’jiza…21 Ta’ba’ī…33 Mi’râj…21 Al‐Qur’an…33 Burrâq…22 Sunnah & Hadith…34 Sidratul‐Muntahâ…22 Hadith‐e‐Qudsi…35 Qa’ba Qausayn…22 Sharia’…35 Siddīq…22 Fiqh…36 Din…23 Ijtihâd…36 Islam…23 Qiyâs…37 Imân…24 Ijma…37 Ihsân…24 Fatwa…37 Arkân‐e‐Khamsa…24 Tafsīr…38 Kufr…25 Muhaddith…38 Ahle‐Kitâb…25 Qâdhi…39 5 Amīr…39 Talbiyah…54 Īmâm…39 Tawâf‐e‐Ka’ba…55 Jihad…40 Multazim…55 Shahid…40 Maqâm‐e‐Ibrahīm…55 Ghâzi…41 A’be‐Zamzam…56 Hâfiz…41 Sa’ee…56 Qâri…41 Yaumut‐Tarwiyyah…57 Âlim…41 Yaum‐ul‐Arafah…57 Sufi…42 Ayyam‐e‐Tashriq…57 Tarīqa…42 Idul‐Adha…58 Tasawwuf…42 Yaum‐e‐A’shüra…58 AwliyaAllah…43 Taqwa…59 Pīr…44 Tazkiyah…59 Nafs…44 Kabīrah and Saghīra…60 Halâl…45 Hadd…60 Harâm…45 Qazaf…60 Makrüh…45 Li’ân…60 Mubah…45 Rajam…61 Zabīha…46 Qisas…61 Tahâra…46 Nikah…62 Kalimah Tayyibah…48 Janaza…62 Salâh…48 Qiyamah…63 Qibla…48 Ghībah…64 Khutbah…49 Isrâf…64 Qasr salâh…49 Bukhl…64 Qaza salâh…49 Hasad…65 Dua…49 Takabbur…66 Fardh…50 Riya…66 Wâjib…50 Aqiqah…67 Sunnah…50 Yatīm and Miskīn…67 Nafil…51 Dhikr…67 Mustahab…51 Murâqbah…67 Saum…52 Kiramah…68 A’tikâf…52 Istikhara…68 Idul‐Fitr…53 Nazar‐o‐Niyaz…68 Zakâh…53 Da’wah…69 Hajj…53 Amar bil‐Ma’rüf & Nahi anil‐ Umrah…54 Munkar…69 6 IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST-MERCIFUL, EVER-FORGIVING INTRODUCTION TO THE SUFFAH FOUNDATION Islam came as a religion of peace and tranquility spreading a canopy of mercy over the entire world. By implementing its teachings, the Muslims presented a civilised society before the world; one which raised the status of humanity and strengthened their ties with their spirituality. By spreading the message of equality and the deliverance of rights, they were able to eradicate all types of racial, territorial and all other types of prejudices. Unfortunately all that remains of this golden era of peace and tranquility are its memories. However, the golden rules, based upon which the early Muslims were able to conquer the hearts of the people of the world, are still with us in the form of the Qur’an and the teachings of our beloved Prophet Muhammad . The brilliant Islamic teachings of high moral conduct, outstanding character, fairness, compassion and mercy, if adopted, can once again bring contentment to our lives and allow us to spread happiness into the lives of others. This message of peace has always been delivered and passed on from generation to generation by our scholars and spiritual leaders (Sufi’s). Through their teachings and practices they were able to nurture the souls of their students and present them before the world as ambassadors of peace, striving to strengthen such values as tolerance and dignity and respect for all human beings. 7 In today’s ever more troubled society, where humanity weeps and that impeccable moral conduct is long forgotten, there is a dire need for us to once again take up the teachings of the holy Prophet and in light of these teachings, work to further this noble cause on all fronts; academic, religious, spiritual, social, missionary and humani- tarian fronts. The establishment of The Suffah Foundation is an important link in this very chain, through which we hope to propagate this message of peace and mutual respect in a more organised and effective manner. By doing this, we hope to propagate a better understanding of Islam and strengthen the beliefs and practices of the Muslim Ummah, in effect helping people to better their practices and awaken sentiments of compassion for humanity within them. Whilst also trying to bridge the gap between Muslims and non-Muslims through mutual under- standing, peace and cooperation. This is a unique opportunity for you to also become part of this global movement for peace and mutual respect by implementing the teachings of the Qur’an and Sunnah within your lives. We pray to Almighty Allah, through the mediation of his beloved Messenger to keep us all under his guardianship- always. Ameen! Umar Hayat Qadri Chairman, The Suffah Foundation 8 IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST‐MERCIFUL, EVER‐FORGIVING Introduction HEN READING AN ARTICLE OR BOOK on Islam or upon hearing a W speech related to Islam, an individual usually comes across terms, names, concepts that sound unfamiliar. Often times, such words may be widely used yet be misunderstood or understood incompletely. Without knowing the proper meaning of such words, one cannot comprehend key concepts, teachings, and practices of Islam. Since such terms are used daily in a Muslim’s life, he/she must have a passable understanding of them in order to properly carry out religious duties and practices. Since such terminologies appear in the holy Qur’an and Sunnah (practice/ example) of the holy Prophet (both of which are in Arabic), it may be more difficult for English‐speaking individuals, particularly those living in non‐Muslim majority societies, to develop an understanding of them. There are a great number of terms that are crucial in defining the essential Islamic duties and rituals, but I have only selected the most important ones to include in this booklet, which is Book 4 of the Islamic Educational Series. Despite having included about 200 terms, I have titled this booklet “101 Islamic Terms” to make it an attractive title and read. This book will certainly present some foundational Islamic knowledge to the reader and Insha’Allah (if Allah so wills), a subsequent book on other 9 Islamic terms will comprise of an in‐depth analysis and greater explanation, as defined in Islamic sharia’ (law). I have transliterated the Arabic term for proper pronunciation and translated it into English with the closest word/phrase possible, then defined it with a brief explanation. Also, terms are bolded wherever they appear for the first time. I have listed the terms in order of importance and have included them in two ways: a Table of Contents where they appear in page order and an Index where they appear alphabetically. It is my intention and hope that this book too will increase my readers’ knowledge of Islam, as other titles of the Educational Series have done so already. In the end, I pray to Allah . to accept this as my token of service to Islam. I kindly request the readers to remember me and my family in their dua’ (prayers) so that we may continue this noble work and attain the pleasure of Allah ., and that He may include us in the list of the devotees of His beloved Prophet Muhammad . May Allah . also bless those who cooperated in and funded the printing and distribution of this booklet. I am indebted to my son, Mansoor Ahmed (Ashrafi) and younger brother, Waseem Ahmed (Ashrafi) for their help in the designing and editing of this booklet. Mohammad Masood Ahmed A humble servant in Islam 2 Dhul Hijjah 1434 AH / 7 October 2013 New York, USA 10 ALLAH . ‘Allah’ is the personal and the most blessed of all the names of our Lord, the Lord of all the Worlds. It is the name with which I and every Muslim does and should commence every act and deed, i.e. by uttering Bismillah hir‐Rahma nir‐ Rahim (In the Name of Allah, the Most‐Merciful, Ever‐Forgiving). In this way, Muslims are not only granted reward for remembering their Lord but they also prevent themselves from engaging in sinful acts. Allah . is the Creator of everything that is in the heavens and the earth, including the humankind. We all came from Allah . and towards him is our return. Allah’s every name brings countless blessings and peace to the heart. Allah . has 99 Attributes which appear in the holy Qur’an and are commonly known as the Asma‐ul‐Husna (The Beautiful Names).1 TAUHĪD Tauhīd means oneness, more broadly referring to the Oneness of Allah.