Philippine Urban Mobility Programme Towards people-first cities empowered by efficient, dignified, and sustainable mobility Concept Document: Philippine Urban Mobility Programme Project Background Transport is the highest energy-consuming sector in 40% of all countries worldwide, and causes about a quarter of energy-related CO2 emissions. To limit global warming to two degrees, an extensive transformation and decarbonisation of transport is necessary. The TRANSfer project’s objective is to increase the efforts of developing countries and emerging economies for climate-friendly transport. The project acts as a mitigation action preparation facility and thus, specifically supports the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) of the Paris Agreement. The project supports several countries (including Peru, Colombia, the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia) in developing greenhouse gas mitigation measures in transport. The TRANSfer project is implemented by GIZ and funded by the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) and operates on three levels. Mobilise Prepare Stimulate Facilitating the Preparation of Knowledge products, Training, MobiliseYourCity Mitigation Measures and Dialogue Partnership Standardised support Based on these experiences, TRANSfer The goal of the multi- packages (toolkits) are is sharing and disseminating best stakeholder partnership developed and used for the practises. This is achieved through the MobiliseYourCity, which is preparation of selected development of knowledge products, currently being supported by mitigation measures. As a the organisation of events and trainings, France, Germany and the result, measures can be and the contribution to an increasing European Commission, is that prepared more efficiently, level of ambition. Personal exchange of 100 cities and 20 national until they are ready for experience and dialogue is promoted at governments commit to implementation and eligible events, including the annual Transport ambitious climate action for (climate) financing. and Climate Change Week in Berlin, the targets for urban transport and Accumulated over 10 years, United Nations Climate Change take appropriate measures. the targeted measures aim for Conference (COP) or the International a total reduction potential of Transport Forum. 60 MtCO2. Meet us at www.changing-transport.org Concept Document: Philippine Urban Mobility Programme Disclaimer The content presented in this document has been compiled with the utmost care. Nevertheless, GIZ gives no guarantee that the information provided is current, accurate, complete or error-free. GIZ accepts no liability for damage or loss arising directly or indirectly from the use of this document, provided it has not been caused intentionally or by gross negligence. GIZ expressly reserves the right to modify or append this document in part or in whole without prior notice, or to halt publication completely or for a limited period. Cartographic presentations in no way constitute recognition under international law of boundaries and territories. The content of GIZ GmbH’s documents is protected by copyright. The images used are marked with photo credits where required by law. The use of any images requires the prior consent of GIZ GmbH, if not stated otherwise. Acknowledgements We would especially like to express our sincere gratitude to the following government officials and experts for their input, contributions, and support in the development of the Philippine Urban Mobility Programme and this Concept Document: Ruben Reinoso (Undersecretary for Planning, Department of Transportation), Thomas Orbos (former Undersecretary for Road and Transport Infrastructure, DOTr), Mark Richmund De Leon (OIC-Undersecretary for Road and Transport Infrastructure, DOTr), Jonathan Uy (OIC-Undersecretary for Investment Programming, National Economic and Development Authority), Sheilah Napalang (Assistant Secretary for Planning, DOTr), Roderick Planta (Assistant Secretary for Investment Programming, NEDA), Martin Delgra III (Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board), Sandy Gaspay (DOTr), Chie Suñe (NEDA), Glynda Bathan (Clean Air Asia), John Barry, Kathleen Demetera (CAA), Diane Fajardo, Jon Harris (Integrated Transport Planning Ltd), Alvin Mejia (CAA), Ciaran Meyers (ITP), Cresencio Montalbo, Jr. (University of the Philippines), Joemier Pontawe (CAA), Alan Silayan (CAA), Mark Tacderas (CAA), Bronwen Thornton (Walk21), Jim Walker (Walk21). Content Executive Summary ................................................................................. viii The Philippine Urban Mobility Programme ................................................................ viii PUMP Thematic Areas ...........................................................................................ix PUMP Timelines, Phasing .......................................................................................xi Financing of the PUMP and Activities ....................................................................... xii Implementation of the PUMP ................................................................................ xiv Environmental Impacts ....................................................................................... xiv 1. Introduction ........................................................................................ 1 2. Sector Overview: Philippine Urban Mobility ................................................. 4 2.1 Relevance of the Sub-Sector ............................................................................ 4 2.2 Transport and Climate Policy Context ................................................................. 7 2.3 Governance, Market Organisation, and Stakeholders .............................................. 10 2.4 Finance and Current Business Model(s) ............................................................... 15 2.5 Related Initiatives ........................................................................................ 18 3. Barriers to Sustainable Urban Mobility in the Philippines ................................20 3.1 Barriers to Sustainable Urban Mobility in the Philippines ......................................... 20 3.2 Barriers Specific to PUMP Themes ..................................................................... 24 4. The Philippine Urban Mobility Programme ..................................................27 4.1 Vision and Objectives .................................................................................... 27 4.2 Themes and Components ............................................................................... 28 4.3 Scope ....................................................................................................... 30 4.4 Non-Motorised Transport Activities and Actions .................................................... 31 4.5 Public Transport Activities and Actions .............................................................. 40 4.6 Urban Freight Activities and Actions .................................................................. 42 4.7 Travel Demand Management ........................................................................... 47 4.8 Transit Oriented Development ......................................................................... 47 4.9 Implementation Arrangement (organisational measures) ......................................... 48 5. Financing Concept ...............................................................................50 5.1 Implementation Costs and Revenues.................................................................. 51 5.2 Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) ....................................................................... 51 5.3 Public Transport .......................................................................................... 53 5.4 Urban Freight Costs and Revenues .................................................................... 57 6. Expected Benefits and MRV Approach ........................................................59 6.1 Cause-Impact Chain ...................................................................................... 59 6.2 Assessment Boundaries .................................................................................. 62 6.3 Ex Ante Impact Assessment ............................................................................. 65 6.3.1. Baseline and Mitigation Scenarios ............................................................. 65 6.3.2. Methodology for Calculation .................................................................... 67 6.3.3. Data ................................................................................................. 67 6.3.4. Expected Benefits ................................................................................ 70 6.3.4.1. GHG Mitigation Impact ..................................................................... 70 6.3.4.2. Sustainable Development Benefits ....................................................... 71 6.4 Monitoring and Reporting Plan ......................................................................... 73 Bibliography ...........................................................................................78 Annex 1: Transport Plans, Programmes, Policies ..........................................82 Annex 2: Barriers to Non-Motorised Transport .............................................89 Annex 3: Detailed Assumptions ....................................................................92