Basic Aviation Risk Standard Implementation Guidelines Version 6, November 2016 Benefactor BARS Member Organizations BARS Member Organizations “The identification and mitigation of risk is a clear and direct investment in operational safety, in the lives of our employees, and in the successful future of our companies” Jon Beatty, President and CEO, Flight Safety Foundation BARS IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES Contents Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations ......................................................................... 10 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 20 Purpose.......................................................................................................... 20 Document Structure ........................................................................................ 20 Variances ....................................................................................................... 21 BARS Audit and Company Operational Review .......................................................... 22 Two-dimensional Approach to Aviation Assurance ............................................. 22 BARS Accredited Audit .................................................................................... 23 Company Specific Operational Review .............................................................. 23 1.0: All Threats: Common Controls .................................................................................... 26 1.1: Approved Aircraft Operator ............................................................................. 26 1.2: Flight Crew Qualifications, Experience and Recency ........................................... 27 1.3: Flight Crew Check and Training ........................................................................ 28 1.4: Maintenance Personnel Qualification ............................................................... 32 1.5: Maintenance Training ...................................................................................... 33 1.6: Basic Aircraft Equipment Fit ............................................................................. 33 1.7: Drug and Alcohol Policy ................................................................................... 34 1.8: Flight Time Limits ............................................................................................ 34 1.9: Flight Crew Duty Time ..................................................................................... 35 1.10: Maintenance Duty Time .................................................................................. 36 1.11: Aircraft Operator Safety Management System .................................................. 37 1.12: Accident and Incident Notification ................................................................... 38 1.13: Operational Risk Assessment ........................................................................... 38 1.14: Sub-chartering Aircraft .................................................................................... 39 2.0: Runway Excursions...................................................................................................... 40 2.1: Airfield and Helipad Design ............................................................................. 41 2.2: Airfield Inspections ......................................................................................... 42 2.3: Landing Site Assessments ................................................................................ 42 2.4: Balanced Field Length ..................................................................................... 43 2.5: Balanced Field Length – No Performance Charts ................................................ 44 2.6: Destination Weather Reporting ........................................................................ 45 Page 3 2.7: Slope guidance ............................................................................................... 45 3.0: Fuel Exhaustion ........................................................................................................... 46 3.1: Fuel Check...................................................................................................... 47 3.2: Flight Plan Weather Data ................................................................................. 48 3.3: Flight Plan ...................................................................................................... 48 3.4: Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Fuel Plan ............................................................. 49 3.5: Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Fuel Plan .................................................................... 50 3.6: Hot Refueling ................................................................................................. 50 4.0: Fuel Contamination ..................................................................................................... 53 4.1: Fuel Testing .................................................................................................... 53 4.2: Fuel Filtration ................................................................................................. 54 4.3: Fuel Sampling ................................................................................................. 54 4.4: Fuel Storage ................................................................................................... 55 4.5: Drummed Fuel ................................................................................................ 56 5.0: Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) ........................................................................... 57 5.1: Night or Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) – Two Crew Operations ............................ 58 5.2: Special VFR Procedures ................................................................................... 59 5.3: Night or IFR – Aircraft ..................................................................................... 59 5.4: Night or IFR – Flight Planning .......................................................................... 59 5.5: Night or IFR – Simulator Training ...................................................................... 60 5.6: Night or IFR – Approach/Landing Recency ......................................................... 60 5.7: Night or IFR – Autopilot .................................................................................. 61 5.8: Stabilized Approaches ..................................................................................... 62 5.9: Mandatory Go-around Procedures .................................................................... 63 5.10: Terrain Awareness Warning System (TAWS) ....................................................... 64 6.0: Loss of Control – In-flight (LOC-I) ............................................................................... 65 6.1: Automation Policy ........................................................................................... 65 6.2: Multi-crew Operations .................................................................................... 66 6.3: CRM/ADM Training .......................................................................................... 67 6.4: Flight Data Monitoring .................................................................................... 67 6.5: Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA) ................................................................ 68 7.0: Incorrect Loading ........................................................................................................ 70 7.1: Passenger Weight .......................................................................................... 71 7.2: Cargo Weight and Loading .............................................................................. 72 7.3: Load and Trim Calculations .............................................................................. 72 7.4: Manifest ........................................................................................................ 73 7.5: Dangerous Goods Cargo (Hazardous Materials) ............................................... 74 7.6: Passenger Briefing .......................................................................................... 75 7.7: Multi-language Briefing .................................................................................. 76 Page 4 8.0: Collision on Ground .................................................................................................... 77 8.1: Passenger Terminal Area ................................................................................. 77 8.2: Designated Freight Areas ................................................................................ 78 8.3: Passenger Control ........................................................................................... 78 8.4: Ground Procedures ......................................................................................... 79 8.5: Pilot at Controls ............................................................................................. 79 8.6: Parking Apron ................................................................................................. 80 8.7: Perimeter Fence .............................................................................................. 81 8.8: Airfield Control ............................................................................................... 82 9.0: Collision in Air ............................................................................................................