Zootaxa 3802 (3): 373–380 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3802.3.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3B6166C5-4C54-447C-8459-FC689C637BAD Review of East Asian Heliosia (Ledidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) species, with description of a new genus VLADIMIR V. DUBATOLOV1, YASUNORI KISHIDA2 & CHUNSHENG WU3 1Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze street 11, RF-630091 Novosibirsk, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2Kitazawa 5-20-1-103, Setagaya, Tokyo, 155-0031 Japan 3Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Datunlu, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China Abstract Oriental species currently classified in the genus Heliosia Hampson, 1900 but in fact belonging to Nudariini are separated into the new genus Paraheliosia gen. nov.: Paraheliosia elegans (Reich, 1937) comb. nov. (type species) from South-East China; P. rufa (Leech, 1890) comb. nov. from North China (nominotypical subspecies) and Primorskiy Kray of Russia (P. r. ussuriensis (O. Bang-Haas, 1927) comb. nov.); and P. novirufa (Fang, 1992) comb. nov. from Sichuan. Presence of two strong apical spines at juxta apex and basal costal valve processes looks to be well marked autapomorphic characters of the new genus. Heliosia punctata Fang, 1992 is transferred into Elachistidae, Aeolanthinae but to unknown genus. Key words: Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini, new genus, China, Russia, Primorskiy Kray, Oriental Region, Palaearctic Region Introduction The genus Heliosia Hampson, 1900 was established for four Lithosiinae species: H. rufa (Leech, 1890) from China, H. jucunda (Walker, 1854) from Australia (originally stated as the type species), and two new species, H. monosticta Hampson, 1900 from Borneo and H. crocopera Hampson, 1900 from New Guinea (Hampson ,1900). One of these species, Heliosia monosticta was later transferred to the genus Heliohemonia Bucsek, 2012 (Bucsek, 2012). Another species originally assigned to Heliosia, H. alba Hampson, 1914 (Hampson, 1914) was subsequently transferred to Poliosia Hampson, 1900, Lithosiini (Inoue & Kishida, 1992) then to Aemene Walker, 1854, Cisthenini (Bucsek, 2012). Heliosia punctinigra van Eecke, 1920 was described from Java; according to the original description it is similar to Heliohemonia monosticta (Hampson, 1900), however the types (Fig. 1–2), females, looks to be very different from the latter species and until the male genitalia of this species can be studied, the generic position of H. punctinigra is uncertain. This species looks not to be related to other East Asian species: Heliosia elegans (Reich, 1937), H. rufa (Leech, 1890), H. novirufa Fang, 1992, and Heliosia punctata Fang, 1992 that are discussed in this article. Australian species of the nominotypical Heliosia and their relatives are not included. Holloway (2001) studied male genitalia of the type species of the genus Heliosia, H. jucunda (Walker, 1854), and found it to be related to Narosodes Moore, [1887]; he considered them to be “unassigned, possibly apomorphic genera” as a group different from the known tribes: Lithosiini, Nudariini, and Cisthenini. However, a complex of species from China and adjacent territories currently classified in Heliosia has a different male genitalia structure and belongs to the tribe Nudariini. As there are no known genera that might include these species, a new genus is established here to accommodate the species, and a review of the included species is provided. Fang (1992) described one more species in the genus Heliosia, H. punctata Fang, 1992, from Sichuan, Emeishan (Omeishan) (Fig. 3–4). However, it has male genitalia (Fig. 16, 19) quite different from any Lithosiini species. According to the view by S. Sinev and A. Lvovsky (St.-Petersburg, Russia), this species might be a member of subfamily Aeolanthinae within Elachistidae but to unknown genus: it has similar valve structure, but also a distinct uncus that is absent in Aeolanthes Meyrick, 1907 (Clarke, 1955). Accepted by M. Pellinen: 14 Apr. 2014; published: 27 May 2014 373 Material and methods The material examined is deposited in the following collections: ISEA Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; IZAS Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; WMM Museum Th. Witt, München, Germany; ZIN Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, Russia; ZFMK Zoologische Forschungsinstitut und Museum “Alexander Koenig”, Bonn, Germany. Taxonomy Paraheliosia gen. nov. (Fig. 5, 7–9) Type species: Asura elegans Reich, 1937 (Fig. 5). Description. Antennae setose. Forewings yellowish, rose or red, with two nearly straight oblique lines or rows of small spots and sometimes various melanistic areas. Male genitalia (Fig. 13–15, 17–18): The genus is best marked my male genitalia structure: uncus straight, slightly curved at apex; valve base with short triangular processes; cucullus membranose; sacculus with a finger- like apical process; juxta with two apical processes; saccus triangular; aedeagus short, with one or few strong apical spines; vesica with two groups of small spine-like cornuti. In general, uncus, valve, juxta and saccus structure, as well as two groups of small spine-like cornuti on vesica are very similar within the know species of the genus. The most remarkable distinguishing character is a number of strong spines at aedeagus apex. Remarks. By the wing pattern, the genus is similar to the monotypic Nudina Staudinger, 1887, with the type species N. artaxidia (Butler, 1881); the latter species also have a wide dark band at the fore- and hindwing outer margins (Fig. 11). However, the male genitalia of these genera are very different: in Nudina (Fig. 12) the sacculus apex has two apical spines, while in the new one it is finger-like; the aedeagus apex in Nudina with two sclerotized plates, but in Paraheliosia gen. nov. it has one or few strong spines. Moreover, presence of two strong apical spines at the juxta apex and basal costal valve processes look to be well marked autapomorphic characters of the new genus. Etymology. The generic name consists of two parts: the Greek prefix ‘παρα’ (meaning against), and the genus name Heliosia. Paraheliosia elegans (Reich 1937), comb. nov. (Fig. 5) [Asura] elegans Reich, 1937: 121–122. Type locality: China, Zhejiang, ‘West-Tien-Mu-shan’. Heliosia elegans: Daniel, 1952: 90, Taf. II, Fig. 40; Fang, 1992: 227; Fang, 2000: 182, Pl. V, Fig. 19. Type material examined. Holotype: ♂, CHINA: ZHEJIANG: West Tien-Mu-Shan, Prov Chekiang [now—Zhejiang], 3.ix.1932, H. Höne lgt. (ZFMK). Material examined. CHINA: GUANGDONG: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Nanling, Shaoguan, 5–6.viii.2005, Y. Kishida lgt. (ISEA). Description. Forewings dark yellow with two oblique bands: proximal consists of three brownish spots, distal—of three slightly curved streaks; along the outer margin there are three double pairs of spots; an outer space of the proximal band is brownish darkened in hind half. Hindwing entirely yellow. Male genitalia (Fig. 13): Aedeagus apex with two strong spines: one transversal and one longitudinal. Remarks. The type species is well separated from other species of the genus by an absence of wide dark pattern on forewings. Distribution. China: Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang (Fang, 2000), Guangdong (new record). 374 · Zootaxa 3802 (3) © 2014 Magnolia Press DUBATOLOV ET AL. FIGURES 1–6. Heliosia types (1, 3, 5) and their labels (2, 4, 6). 1–2—Heliosia punctinigra van Eecke, 1920, syntype, female, Indonesia, Java, Batavia (now—Jakarta); 3–4—Heliosia punctata Fang, 1992, paratype, male, China, Sichuan, Emeishan; 5–6—Paraheliosia elegans (Reich, 1937), holotype, male, China, Zhejiang, West Tien Mu Shan. Paraheliosia rufa (Leech 1890), comb. nov. (Fig. 7) Miltochrista rufa Leech, 1890: 82. Type locality: China, Hubei, ‘Chang Yang’. Miltochrista rufa: Seitz, 1910: 56, Fig. 12c rufa. Heliosia rufa: Hampson, 1900: 275, Pl. XXVI, Fig. 1; Strand, 1922: 658; Fang, 1992: 227; Fang, 2000: 182-183, Pl. V, Fig. 20. Type material. LEECH (1890) cited six type specimens. However, HAMPSON (1900) noted only a single type specimen in the Natural History Museum (London, UK) collection. Unfortunately, it is unavailable now. Material examined. CHINA: GANSU: 1 ♂, Kang Xian, 1450-1650 m, 15.vii.1998 (IZAS); SHAANXI: 1 ♀, Liuba, 1300 m, 23.vii.1998 (IZAS); 1 ♀, Taibaishan, 17.vii.1980 (IZAS). Description. Dark grey pattern of forewings strongly widened; ground colour dark yellow with a rose tint. Forewing dark proximal band is fused with dark outer 1/3 of forewing along hind margin, so the rosy-yellow ground colour occupy basal 1/5 part of the wing, large triangular spot from the central part of costa towards vein Cu2 or A (occasionally this spot is transformed to a complete band), narrow costal and outer margins. Hindwing light yellow with brownish outer margin constricting towards tornal angle: this character easily visible from the REVIEW OF EAST ASIAN HELIOSIA SPECIES Zootaxa 3802 (3) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 375 known illustrations of a syntype specimen (Hampson, 1900: pl. XXVI, Fig. 1; Seitz, 1910: Fig. 12c rufa). Fringe also dark yellow. Male genitalia (Fig. 15): Aedeagus apex with two strong spines. Remarks. Paraheliosia rufa differs from P. elegans by a broad dark pattern on both fore- and hindwings;