Sava River Basin Management Plan Background paper No. 3 Significant pressures identified in the Sava River Basin March 2013 This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the beneficiaries and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. Sava River Basin Management Plan Table of contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 2 Criteria for assessment of point pollution sources ................................ 2 2.1 Agglomerations and Urban Wastewaters Treatment Plants - Criteria of significance, load and efficiency of wastewater treatment ..................................................... 2 2.2 Food industry – Criteria of significance ......................................................................................... 3 2.3 Industrial wastewaters - Direct and indirect discharges ........................................................ 3 2.4 Application of criteria for identification of significant industrial pollution sources .... 6 2.5 Water abstractions ................................................................................................................................. 7 2.6 Pollution sources - data collection ................................................................................................... 8 3 Pressures and measures - data overview by countries ....................... 9 3.1 Urban wastewater disposal in agglomerations ≥ 2,000 PE in the Sava River Basin ............................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.1 Slovenia ..................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.1.1 Reference year 2007 ............................................................................................ 10 3.1.1.2 Pollution reduction scenarios .......................................................................... 12 3.1.2 Croatia ....................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.2.1 Reference year 2007 ............................................................................................ 13 3.1.2.2 Pollution reduction scenarios .......................................................................... 15 3.1.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina ..................................................................................... 17 3.1.3.1 Reference year 2007 ............................................................................................ 17 3.1.3.2 Pollution reduction scenarios .......................................................................... 19 3.1.4 Serbia ......................................................................................................................... 20 3.1.4.1 Reference year 2007 ............................................................................................ 20 3.1.4.2 Pollution reduction scenarios .......................................................................... 22 3.1.5 Montenegro ............................................................................................................. 24 3.1.5.1 Reference year 2007 ............................................................................................ 24 3.1.5.2 Pollution reduction scenarios .......................................................................... 25 3.1.6 Sava River Basin .................................................................................................... 27 3.1.6.1 Reference year 2007 ............................................................................................ 27 3.1.6.2 Pollution reduction scenarios .......................................................................... 39 3.1.6.2.1 Organic pollution reduction...................................................................... 39 3.1.6.2.2 Nutrient pollution reduction .................................................................... 46 3.2 Industrial pollution sources in Sava River Basin ..................................................................... 48 Background paper No.3: Significant pressures identified in the Sava RB Sava River Basin Management Plan 3.3 Agriculture .............................................................................................................................................. 53 4 Assessment of impact from diffuse pollution sources ....................... 55 4.1 Description of the proposed risk assessment methodology for nutrient diffuse pollution estimation ............................................................................................................................ 55 4.2 Advantages and disadvantages of the proposed methodology .......................................... 57 4.3 Risk analysis of the impact from diffuse pollution sources ................................................. 58 4.4 Quantification of nutrient emissions from diffuse pollution sources .............................. 61 4.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................ 62 5 The Sava River Basin MONERIS results ................................................... 63 5.1 Overview of methodologies ............................................................................................................. 63 5.2 MOdelling Nutrient Emissions in RIver Systems ..................................................................... 63 5.3 OECD Modified methodology - Slovenian case study............................................................. 64 5.3.1 Calculation of nitrogen balance ....................................................................... 65 5.3.2 Phosphorus balance ............................................................................................. 66 5.4 Soil and Water Assessment Tool - SWAT .................................................................................... 68 5.5 QUAL2K Model ...................................................................................................................................... 72 5.6 Methodology for risk analysis of diffuse pollution sources (DPS RA) ............................. 74 5.7 Advantages and disadvantages of the used models ............................................................... 74 5.7.1 MONERIS .................................................................................................................. 74 5.7.2 SWAT ......................................................................................................................... 75 5.7.3 QUAL2K ..................................................................................................................... 75 5.7.4 OECD modified methodology ........................................................................... 75 5.7.5 Methodology for risk analysis of diffuse pollution sources (DPS RA) .............................................................................................................................. 75 5.8 The Sava River Basin nutrient balance – MONERIS results ................................................. 78 5.9 Estimation of Sava River contribution of nutrients into the Danube River .................. 78 5.10 Comparison of various approaches of nutrient pollution balance assessment in the Sava RB ................................................................................................................ 79 6 References ......................................................................................................... 80 Background paper No.3: Significant pressures identified in the Sava RB Sava River Basin Management Plan List of Tables Table 1: List of pollutants to be reported if threshold values are exceeded (IPPC, Annex II) .................................................................................................................... 4 Table 2: Simplified criteria for determination of significant industrial pollution sources ................................................................................................................. 5 Table 3: Criteria for identification of significant agricultural point sources ................. 6 Table 4: Relevant industrial sectors in ME and BA (Republika Srpska) for identification of significant industrial sources ........................................................ 6 Table 5: SI - Overview of agglomerations in the Sava RB .................................................. 10 Table 6: SI - Level of urban wastewater collection - ref. year 2007 ............................... 11 Table 7: SI - Level of urban wastewater treatment - ref. year 2007 .............................. 11 Table 8: SI - Pollution from agglomerations emitted into environment ...................... 12 Table 9: SI - Overview of pollution emissions reduction ................................................... 12 Table 10: HR – Overview of agglomerations in the Sava RB ............................................... 14 Table 11: HR - Level of urban wastewater collection ............................................................ 14 Table 12: HR - Level of urban wastewater treatment - ref. year 2007 ............................ 15 Table 13: HR - Pollution from