Art of Resilience NEO _Aster_2090-2092___2019-04-10-00-53-37-75 TITLE NEO_2034_2019-04-10-00-55-51-305 (NEO: Near Earth Object) APPROACH Visualizations of Big Data - data art as an emerging form of science communication: Superforecasting: The Art and Science of Prediction; visualizing the risk posed by potential Earth impacts. WHAT Photographic 3D render from an artscience datavisualization dealing with the prediction of potential asteroid impacts on Earth. TECHNIQUE Custom predictive software and code made in openFrameworks in C++ (see addendum) to generate an accurate datavisualization and predictions of bolide events based on data from NASA and KAGGLE. The computation of Earth impact probabilities for near- Earth objects is a complex process requiring sophisticated mathematical techniques. PROCESS The datavisualizations resulted in svg. and obj. files which allows 3D model export, 3D printing and lasercutting techniques. For the Art of Resilience a photographic 3D render was selected by the artist for this exhibition. ART OF RESILIENCE On the 18th of december 2018 an asteroid some ten metres across detonated with an explosive energy ten times greater than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima. The shock wave shattered windows of almost 7200 buildings. Nearly 1500 people were injured. Although astronomers have managed to locate 93% of the extremely dangerous asteroids, nobody saw it coming. Can art contribute to save the Earth from future threats the means of super forecasting and increase our resilience in regards to potential future asteroid impacts? ARTISTIC STATEMENT Artists often channel the future; seeing patterns before they form and putting them in their work, so that later, in hindsight, the work explodes like a time bomb. Prediction is not limited to the art world. It’s important in science, math, AI, insurance, and so on. Asteroids and meteorites are messengers from space that have had a significant effect on Earth’s history and are likely to influence the future as well. It led to the extinction of dinosaurs. The artist used data from NASA and KAGGLE to forecast potential asteroid impacts on Earth. The result combines a post- minimal aesthetic with datavisualization techniques. We see Earth represented as a thin sheet of paper perforated with holes. The holes represent asteroid impacts. This project frames in a wider thematic exploration of subjects like impact, chance and forecasting. NE O NEO_2034_2019-04-10-00-55-51-305 © Frederik De Wilde, 2019 Title Artwork: NEO_2034_2019-04-10-00-55-51-305 Artist: Frederik De Wilde Year of Creation: 2019 Technique: photographic 3D render Dimensions: W17000px X H17000px - 300DPI Maximum Print Size: 140cm X 140cm BOLIDE EVENTS MAPPED ON A 3D MODEL M +32 476 717020 [email protected] www.frederik-de-wilde.com www.facebook.com/G0ld1locks www.instagram.com/frederik_de_wilde BIO Frederik De Wilde (BE – 1975) works at the interstice of the art, science and technology, studied fine arts, media arts and philosophy. The conceptual crux of his artistic praxis are the notions of the inaudible, intangible and invisible. An excellent example is the conceptualisation, and creation, of the Blackest-Black art made in collaboration with American universities and NASA. The project received the Ars Electronica Next Idea Award (2010) and the Best European Collaboration Award (2011) between an artist and scientist, extensively covered (e.g. Huffington post, Creators Project, TED). In 2022 De Wilde brings the Blackest-Black art to the Moon in collaboration with Carnegie Mellon as a core member of the Moonark Team (www.moonarts.org/about/team), NASA, AstroRobotic and Space-X. He is also finalist of ‘Giant Steps’ which aims to bring an artist to the Moon supported by x-prize lab MIT, finalist of the ZKM app art award with ‘Coremites,’ finalist of the World Wide TED Talent Search. De Wilde is a laureate and member of Royal Flemish Young Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts (www.jongeacademie.be), collaborates with the JRC EU, was a guest professor at the Artscience Interfaculty in Den Hague, Transmedia Brussels, St. Martins College London and published several essays and papers with Amsterdam and Chicago University Press, Leondardo Journal, MIT Press, Springer, etc. He collaborated with the KIT, University of Leuven (Prometheus, division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering), collaborating with Hasselt University (I-BioStat), UGent (Textile Department), Wyoming University, ..., and organisations (e.g. ESTEC, NASA). In 2017 he realised his first short film “Joy Palace” in 2017 which was supported by the Flanders Audiovisual Fund, produced by Potemkino, Bekke Films, Radiator Sales and supported by The Fridge. De Wilde exhibited (selection) at BOZAR, Brakke Grond, ZKM, Carnegie Museum of Arts, Venice Biennial 2017, MuST museum, MetaMorf Biennial, National Museum of the 21st Century, Kunsthal Amersfoort, Art Basel, Tetem, Todays Art, Z33, Scopitone, Singapore Art Science Museum, MAAT museum, Whitechapel Gallery, Centre Pompidou, National Gallery Singapore, Vasarelly Foundation, Gulbenkian Museum, Moody Center for The Arts Houston, iMAL, ... CUSTOM SOFTWARE Custom software was made to make predictions of bolide events based on high quality input data from NASA. NEO_2034_2019-04-10-00-55-51-305 (NEO: Near Earth Object) CUSTOM SOFTWARE CODING Step 1 - event position sampling For prediction, the Bolide events 1994-2013 image (see url link below) was manually labeled, and using this, was computed estimation of probability density of latitudes of such events. This density was used for generating new random events positions latitudes. Longitudes was sampled from uniform distribution (we used proposition that longitudes are uniform) In this way, we obtained random position on a sphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance#/media/ File:SmallAsteroidImpacts-Frequency-Bolide-20141114.jpg Step 2 - putting 680 asteroids on a map The file impacts.csv from Kaggle competition (see url below) was used as source data for predicting the year and damaging factor. It contains year ranges for around 700 asteroids. We removed the three last lines in this file (too late years). The other 680 asteroids predictions were used in our computations e.g. from each asteroid we sampled its position (from Step 1), and declared that this asteroid can hit Earth in the specified range of years, as specified in impacts.csv. To obtain repetitive results, the random generator was controlled by its seed (by RND_SEED parameter in app). https://www.kaggle.com/nasa/asteroid-impacts Note: in all year's ranges one asteroid has one fixed position, just to obtain a more stable view from one to another year than generating prediction images/3D models. Step 3 - visualizing asteroids Asteroids are visualized as circles on the Earth's map or on a sphere. The center of a circle is a sampled position.To assign the radius of a circle, from corresponding asteroid is get its property (for example, Asteroid Diameter (km) or Cumulative Palermo Scale) and scaled into specified range for radius. Also, non-linear gamma- transformation is used for emphasize the difference of properties across the asteroids. NASA and KAGGLE DATA _Aster_2090-2092___2019-04-10-00-53-37-75 NEO ASTEROID IMPACT Y ASTEROID MAGNITUDE X vtkOriginalIndices,Asteroid Diameter (km),Asteroid Magnitude,Asteroid Velocity,Cumulative Impact Probability,Cumulative Palermo Scale,Maximum Palermo Scale,Maximum Torino Scale,Object Name,Period End,Period Start,Possible Impacts,__vtkIsSelected__ 0,0.007,28.3,17.77,5.2e-09,-8.31,-8.31,0,2006 WP1,2017,2017,1,0 1,0.002,31.4,8.98,7.6e-05,-6.6,-6.96,0,2013 YB,2046,2017,23,0 2,0.002,31.4,18.33,1.6e-05,-6.48,-6.87,0,2008 US,2062,2017,30,0 3,0.016,26.7,4.99,2e-07,-6.83,-6.95,0,2010 VR139,2076,2017,24,0 4,0.497,19.2,19.46,2.3e-08,-3.85,-4.3,0,2015 ME131,2096,2017,85,0 5,0.11,22.5,5.98,2.8e-07,-5.03,-5.51,0,2010 XB73,2110,2017,55,0 6,0.052,24.1,8.79,9e-07,-5.41,-6.42,0,2005 TM173,2111,2017,123,0 7,0.02,26.2,4.49,1.9e-06,-5.91,-7.58,0,2006 SF281,2111,2017,514,0 8,0.007,28.5,2.04,1.8e-05,-6.51,-7.54,0,2010 VP139,2112,2017,350,0 9,0.014,26.9,17.02,7.9e-08,-7.18,-7.97,0,2014 HR197,2112,2017,187,0 10,0.153,21.7,7.78,7.1e-07,-4.14,-5.45,0,2015 HV182,2113,2017,509,0 11,0.02,26.1,9.47,8.1e-07,-6.57,-7.46,0,2008 SH148,2113,2017,163,0 12,0.012,27.2,9.03,6.1e-07,-6.85,-7.5,0,2008 XK,2113,2017,171,0 13,0.005,29.1,3.96,3.3e-06,-7.25,-8.05,0,2010 XC,2113,2017,332,0 14,0.029,25.5,2.1,7e-06,-4.9,-5.95,0,2010 MY112,2114,2017,440,0 15,0.067,23.5,8.36,1.5e-06,-5.06,-6.04,0,2014 MO68,2114,2017,262,0 16,0.031,25.2,10.11,2.9e-06,-5.21,-6.03,0,2009 FZ4,2114,2017,434,0 17,0.051,24.1,8.31,5.9e-07,-5.44,-6.6,0,2008 VS4,2114,2017,300,0 18,0.009,27.9,6.33,7.1e-06,-6.22,-7.61,0,2009 VZ39,2114,2017,924,0 19,0.016,26.6,12.02,1e-06,-6.23,-7.31,0,2014 JT79,2114,2017,861,0 20,0.009,27.9,9.68,1.3e-05,-6.33,-7.46,0,2008 VL,2114,2017,615,0 21,0.015,26.9,4.45,5.7e-07,-7.02,-7.73,0,2010 WW8,2114,2017,92,0 22,0.01,27.8,14.54,1.3e-05,-5.31,-5.65,0,2008 EM68,2115,2017,1144,0 23,0.031,25.2,10.76,5.7e-08,-6.69,-7.17,0,2015 HW182,2115,2017,174,0 24,0.013,27.1,4.6,5.9e-07,-7.24,-8.11,0,2012 BP123,2115,2017,228,0 25,0.004,29.8,7.43,5e-06,-7.6,-8.87,0,2008 EK68,2115,2017,315,0 26,0.054,24,25.24,3e-06,-3.74,-4.07,0,2005 ED224,2064,2018,6,0 27,0.541,19,12.89,1.8e-09,-4.79,-5.01,0,2014 MV67,2074,2018,6,0 28,0.212,21,13.43,6e-09,-5.41,-5.89,0,2016 JT38,2088,2018,32,0 29,0.01,27.9,5.07,1.1e-07,-7.87,-8.77,0,2008 JD33,2106,2018,133,0 30,0.142,21.9,25.14,2.2e-08,-5.17,-5.85,0,2005 NX55,2107,2018,72,0 31,0.041,24.6,16.2,2.1e-08,-6.95,-7.74,0,2008