AccessAccess ManagementManagement ManualManual T E X A S Prepared by the City of Irving Public Works/Traffic and Transportation Department Adopted September 5, 2019 Access Management Manual, September 5, 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 Introduction Page 1.0 Purpose 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Definitions 3 1.3 Authority 10 Section 2 Principles of Access Management 2.1 Relationship between Access and Mobility 11 2.2 Integration of Land Use and Transportation 11 2.3 Relationship between Access and Roadway Efficiency 12 2.4 Relationship between Access and Traffic Safety 12 Section 3 Access Management Programs and Policies 3.1 Identifying Functional Hierarchy of Roadways 14 3.1.1 Sub-Classifications of Roadways 14 3.1.1.1 Revising the “Master Thoroughfare Plan” 15 3.1.2 Comprehensive Plan 15 3.1.3 Discretionary Treatment by the Director 15 3.2 Land Use 15 3.3 Unified Access Planning Policy 16 3.4 Granting Access 16 3.4.1 General Mutual Access 17 3.4.2 Expiration of Access Permission 17 3.4.3 “Grandfathered” Access and Non-Conforming Access 17 3.4.4 Illegal Access 19 3.4.4.1 Stealth Connection 19 3.4.5 Temporary Access 19 3.4.6 Emergency Access 19 3.4.7 Abandoned Access 20 3.4.8 Field Access 20 3.4.9 Provision for Special Case Access 20 3.4.10 Appeals, Variances and Administrative Remedies 20 3.5 Parking and Access Policy 20 3.6 Access vs Accessibility 21 3.7 Precedence of Access Rights Policy 21 3.8 Right to Access A Specific Roadway 22 3.9 Traffic Impact Analyses (TIA’s) 22 3.9.1 Level of Service (LOS) 22 3.9.2 Traffic Impact Analysis (TIA) Requirements 23 3.10 Freeway Access Policy 23 3.11 New vs Retrofit Policy 24 3.12 Traffic Signals 24 3.13 Traffic Signal Easement 24 3.14 Traffic Signs and Pavement Markings 25 3.15 Access Requirements with Change in Zoning 25 3.16 Street Lighting 25 Access Management Manual, September 5, 2019 Section 4 General Driveway Requirements Page 4.1 Driveway Access Prohibited 26 4.2 Alleys 26 4.3 Minimum Driveway Length 26 4.4 Driveway Types 27 4.5 Internal Storage Requirements 27 4.6 Minimum Frontage Requirements and “Flag” Lots 28 4.6.1 Flag Lots 28 4.7 Access for Land-Locked Parcels 28 4.8 Preservation and Respect for Frontage Rights 29 4.9 Driveway Access Prohibited 29 4.10 Right Turn Lanes 29 4.11 Acceleration Lanes 30 4.12 Consideration of Existing and Proposed Improvements 30 4.13 Minimum Lateral Clearance 31 4.14 Drive-In and Drive-Thru Queue Storage 31 4.15 Clearance to Gates and Service Points 32 4.16 Special Requirements for Certain Land Uses 32 4.16.1 Vehicle Fueling Service Stations 32 4.16.2 Automobile and Truck Sales, Repair and Service 33 4.17 General Criteria for Single Family Residential Access 33 4.18 Driveway Access Proximity to Parking Spaces 34 4.19 Access Control by Plat, Deed, or Right-Of-Way Map 34 4.20 Accommodation of Pedestrians 34 4.21 Crossing Sidewalks 35 4.22 Driveway Connections with Steep Profile Gradients 35 4.23 Waste Material Dumpster Areas 35 Section 5 Driveway Geometrics 5.1 General 36 5.2 Fire Lane Requirements 37 5.3 Intersection Angle 37 5.4 Profile Grades for Driveways 38 5.4.1 Cross-Slope 38 5.5 Clearances 39 5.5.1 Vertical Clearance Control 39 5.5.2 Clearances for Parking Garages and Covered Parking 39 5.5.3 Utility Wires and Cables 39 5.6 Standard Driveways 39 5.6.1 Single Family Residential Driveways 40 5.6.2 Townhome and Condominium Driveways 40 5.7 One-Way Non-Residential Driveways 40 5.8 High Capacity Driveways 40 5.9 Limited Movement Driveway Approaches 41 5.9.1 Limited Movement Driveway Approach Required 41 5.10 Circular Driveways 41 5.11 Right Turn Lanes 42 5.11.1 Right Turn Lane Transitions 43 5.12 Traffic Islands and Medians for Driveways 43 5.13 Miscellaneous Design Details 44 5.13.1 Concrete Approaches Required 44 5.13.2 Curbs Required 44 Access Management Manual, September 5, 2019 Page 5.13.3 ADA Pedestrian Path 45 5.13.4 Mountable Curbs Required 45 Section 6 Driveway Location and Spacing 6.1 General 46 6.2 Fire Lanes 46 6.3 Accesses for Existing Development 46 6.4 General Location and Spacing Requirements 46 6.5 Frontage Road Access Requirements 47 6.6 Driveway Access to Frontage Roads in the Vicinity of Ramps 47 6.7 Access Adjacent To Freeway and Tollway Interchanges 47 6.8 Driveway Access as Part of a Street Intersection 47 6.9 Visibility Requirements 48 6.9.1 Visibility for Access Used By Heavy Trucks 48 6.9.2 Sight Easements 49 6.9.3 Land Use within the Visibility Triangle 49 6.9.4 Proximity to Bridges and Culverts 50 6.9.5 Future Projects 50 6.10 Truck Courts and Access 50 6.11 Driveway Approaches At Sags 51 6.12 Proximity to Railroad Grade Crossings 51 Section 7 Median Openings and Left-Turn Lanes 7.1 General 52 7.2 Full Median Openings 53 7.2.1 Location and Spacing 53 7.2.2 Geometrics of Left-Turn Bays and Full Median Openings 53 7.3 Limited Median Openings 54 7.3.1 Location and Spacing Relative to Limited Median Openings 54 7.3.2 Geometrics of Limited Median Openings 54 7.4 Related Work 55 7.5 Modification, Relocation or Removal of Existing Median Openings 55 Access Management Manual, September 5, 2019 FIGURES & TABLES Figure Description Page 2.1 Access vs Mobility Relationship A-1 2.4 Composite Crash Rate Indices A-3 4.2 Driveway Alley Access A-4 4.5 Internal Storage, 1 of 2 A-5 4.5 Internal Storage, 2 of 2 A-6 4.6 Flag Lot Access A-7 4.15A Gate Controlled Driveway Access, Non-Rejection Case A-8 4.15B Gate Controlled Driveway Access, Rejection Case A-8 4.15C Gate Control of Access, In-Direct or Partial Control Case A-9 4.17 Corner Lot Front Access for Single Family Land Use A-10 4.22 Surface Treatment of Driveways on Steep Profile Gradients A-11 5.1A Principal Elements of a Driveway Access A-12 5.1B Two-Way Standard Drive Approaches A-13 5.4 Driveway Profile Criteria A-14 5.6.1 Single Family Residential Driveway Approaches A-15 5.6.2 Special Design for Townhome & Condominium Access A-16 5.7 One-Way Access Driveway Approaches A-17 5.9 Directional Approach Basic Geometry A-18 5.10 Circular Driveways for Single Family Land Use A-19 5.11 Right Turn Lane, 1 of 2 A-20 5.11 Right Turn Lane, 2 of 2 A-21 5.11.1 Right Turn Lane Geometry, 1 of 2 A-22 5.11.1 Right Turn Lane Geometry, 2 of 2 A-23 5.13.4 Laydown Mountable Curb Typical Section A-24 6.1 Intersection Functional Areas A-25 6.4A Importance of Adequate Corner Clearance A-26 6.4 General Driveway Location and Spacing, 1 of 2 A-27 6.4 General Driveway Location and Spacing, 2 of 2 A-28 6.5 Frontage Road Connection Spacing A-29 6.6 Frontage Road Access near Ramp Junctions, Exit Ramp A-30 6.6 Frontage Road Access near Ramp Junctions, Entrance Ramp A-31 6.7 Frontage Road Connection Spacing at Interchanges A-32 6.8 Driveway Alignment at a Street Intersection A-33 6.9A Intersection Visibility Triangle, Standard Design A-34 6.9B Intersection Visibility Triangle, Heavy Truck Design A-34 6.9C Effect of Curvature on Visibility Triangle A-35 6.10A Truck Court, Docks Parallel to Street A-36 6.10B Truck Court, Docks Perpendicular to Street A-37 6.12 Driveway Connection Proximity to Railroad Crossing A-38 7.1A Access Location Relative to Median Opening A-39 7.1B Median Opening Visibility Criteria, U-Turn Condition A-40 7.2.1 Median Opening Spacing A-41 7.2.2A Full Median Opening Geometry, Turning Criteria A-42 7.2.2B Full Median Opening Geometry, Left Turn Bay Design A-43 7.2.2C Left Turn Lane Transition on Tangent Roadway Geometry A-44 7.3A Limited Median Openings, Left Ingress Only A-45 7.3B Limited Median Openings, Left Egress Only A-46 7.3C Limited Median Openings, Left Ingress and Egress from One Side A-47 7.3.1 Median Opening Spacing, Left-In Only Limited Median Opening A-48 Access Management Manual, September 5, 2019 Table Description Page 2.3A Access vs Free Flow Speed A-2 2.3B Travel Time vs Signal Density A-2 2.4 Access vs Accident Rates A-3 Frequently Asked Questions Page Storage Length FAQ-1 Median Opening Width FAQ-1 Transition Length and Geometrics, Turn Lanes FAQ-1 Median Openings Prohibited Due To Small Radius Curve Alignment FAQ-1 Distance between Median Openings FAQ-1 CITY OF IRVING September 5, 2019 ACCESS MANAGEMENT MANUAL Section 1 – Introduction 1.0 Purpose Access Management is a set of tools and guidelines used to balance the needs of mobility on a roadway with the needs of access to adjacent land uses. Proper access management assists in protecting the substantial public investment in transportation by preserving roadway efficiency and enhancing traffic safety, thus reducing the need for expensive improvements.