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Other ____________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International MANUSCRIPT ATTRIBUTION THROUGH PAPER ANALYSIS: HILANDAR MONASTERY IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY (A Case Study) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Predrag Matejic, B.A., M.A., M.L.S., Doctor of Philological Sciences ******* The Ohio State University 1987 ssertation Committee: Approved by D. F. Robinson E. R. Levin C. K. Zacher Adviser Department of Slavic and East European Languages & Literatures Copyright by Predrag Matejic 1987 DEDICATION I wish to dedicate this dissertation, with sincerest gratitude, to my parents, to my mother, for her constant faith in my abilities and the support she has always given me, and to my father, for all that which I hope he understands, and for which I can never find all the words to express— a son who at­ tempts even in part to follow such a father’s footsteps can but do right at least some of the time; mine was an impossible task, for his footsteps are well beyond my reach... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to a number of people— to ray adviser, Dr. David Robinson, for his com­ petent suggestions and support; to Dr. Leon I. Twarog of The Ohio State University, for his support and encourage­ ment these many past years; to Dr. William J. Studer, Ms. Jill B. Fatzer, Ms. Gay N. Dannelly, Dr. William J. Crowe and other colleagues of The Ohio State University Libra­ ries, for their understanding and support, as well as their patience; and to Dr. Erwin and Ms. Dantupno of the )> College of Humanities; to Academician Dimitrije Bogdanovic for his ad­ vice and encouragement; and to friends such as Michael for their calm faith; to a young Bulgarian, Miroslav Zemfirov, who tragically died young, but who managed to convince me that there was both science and magic in the study of paper; to Mr. R. Mirazovic, who assisted me in the preparation of the Figures; and not least of all, to the quiet monks of Hilandar Monastery for allowing me to spend a portion of my life with them those now many years ago and thereby be redirected and changed, finding now happiness in the puz­ zles of the past, as well as for allowing my father to trace copies of the watermarks, thus hnaking this disserta­ tion possible; i i i and finally, to my wife and son for all the time that could not be spent with them, time which can not be made up, and for more than I can express. iv VITA August 2, 1952 ................ Born - Lingen Ems, West Germany 1974 ........................... B.A., Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 1978 ........................... Doctor of Philological Sciences, University of Sofia "Kliment Okhridski", Sofia, Bulgaria 1979 ........................... M.A., Yale, New Haven, Ct. 1985 ........................... M.L.S., Kent State Univei— sity, Kent, Ohio 1982-Present .................. Curator, Hilandar Research Library, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Btilgarskii^t khimnopiseCs Efrem ot XIV vek. Delo i znache- nie. Sofia: BBlgarska akademiia na naukite, 1982. Watermarks of the Hilandar Slavic Codices. A Descriptive Catalog. Balcanica III, Etudes et Documents 2. So­ fia: CIBAL, 1981. Hilandar Room Slavic Manuscripts on Microfilm. Supplemental Checklist No. 1. Columbus: OSU Slavic Papers No. 5, Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Literatures, 1980. /with Mateja Matejic/ Hilandar Slavic Manuscripts. A Checklist of the Slavic Manuscripts from the Hilandar Monastery Available on Microfilm at The Ohio State University. Columbus: Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 1972. /with Mateja Matejic/ (Translation) A Bio-Bibliographical Handbook of Bulgarian Authors. Matejic, M., et al. Edited by Karen L. Black. Columbus: Slavica Publishers, Inc., 1981. v Publications (continued) "Kum vBprosa za avtografite na Paisii lOiilendarski," Lite- raturoznanie i folkloristika v chest na 70-godishni- nata na Akademik Petur Dinekov. Sofia: izd. na BAN, 1983, pp. 253-257. "Khimnopisefsftt Efrem - znachitelen bulgarski knizhovnik ot XIV vek," BBlgaristi i bulgaristika. Sofia: Nauka i izkustvo, 1981, pp. 230-234. "Efrem i bulgarski sbornik ot kraia na XIV vek," TBrnovska knizhovna shkola II: Uchenilsi i posledovateli na Evtimii Tiirnovski /Vtori mezhdunaroden simpozium, Veliko Turnovo, 20-23 mai, 1976/. Sofia: izd. na BAN, 1980, pp. 230-238. "Neizvesten bfilgarski sbornik ot kraia na XIV vek," Ezik i literatura No. 1 (1976), pp. 56-58. TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................... iii VITA ....................................................... v LIST OF TABLES........................................... ix LIST OF F I G U R E S ......................................... xi LIST OF PLATES............................................ xiii INTRODUCTION ............................................. 1 E n d n o t e s .................................. 12 CHAPTER PAGE I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ......................... 13 A. Paleography........................... 13 B. Watermark Studies and the Slavs . 21 C. Brief History of Hilandar Monastery . 23 E n d n o t e s .................................. 33 II. MANUSCRIPT ATTRIBUTION THROUGH PAPER: METHODOLOGY..................................... 39 E n d n o t e s .................................. 72 III. MANUSCRIPT ATTRIBUTION THROUGH PAPER: RESULTS AND INTERPRETATIONS .................. 74 E n d n o t e s ..................................... 100 IV. MANUSCRIPT ATTRIBUTION THROUGH PAPER: SUGGESTED PROOFS OF VALIDITY ................ 102 E n d n o t e s ..................................... 142 CONCLUSION: MANUSCRIPT ATTRIBUTION THROUGH PAPER: IMPLICATIONS ........................... 146 vii A. Implications for Archeography/ Paleography.............................. 146 B. Implications for Hilandar Monastery . 153 C. Implications for Watermark Recording and Studies.............................. 157 D. Other Implications .................. 162 E n d n o t e s ..................................... 168 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................. 169 APPENDICES...................................................177 A. Fourteenth-century Manuscripts in the Library of Hilandar Monastery ........................... 178 B. Fourteenth-century Paper Manuscripts in the Libraryof Hilandar Monastery included in This S t u d y .................................................180 C. Plates: Hilandar Slavic Manuscript Fragments #759/VII and #739/111 (Which Belong to Hilan­ dar Slavic Manuscript #646) and Sample Page from Hilandar Slavic Manuscript #646 182 D. Plates: Hilandar Slavic Manuscript Fragment #759/X, Which Belongs to Hilandar Slavic Manu­ script #396 (Between Folia 303v-304r) ......... 188 E. Fourteenth-Century Hilandar Monastery Slavic