Zoological Studies 42(3): 420-430 (2003) Taxonomic Review of the Genus Sinocrossocheilus Wu (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with a Description of Four New Species Rui-Feng Su1,2, Jun-Xing Yang1,* and Gui-Hua Cui1 1Department of Systematic Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China 2Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 643, Beijing 100044, China Tel: 86-10-68935211. Fax: 86-10-68337001. E-mail: [email protected] (Accepted April 28, 2003) Rui-Feng Su, Jun-Xing Yang and Gui-Hua Cui (2003) Taxonomic review of the genus Sinocrossocheilus Wu (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with a description of four new species. Zoological Studies 42(3): 420-430. All Sinocrossocheilus species, except S. microstomatus, are reviewed. Four new species, S. labiata, S. papillo- labra, S. nigrovittata, and S. longibulla, are described. The genus Sinocrossocheilus differs from other genera of Cyprinidae by the last simple dorsal fin ray being unserrated and unossified, the last unbranched anal fin ray being unserrated and unossified, the 5-branched anal fin rays, the mouth gap being inferior, the rostral cap co- vering the lower jaw and connecting directly with the lower lip, a row of fleshy lobes on the lower jaw, and a cloudy black spot above the pectoral fin. Sinocrossocheilus labiata is small and has 22 predorsal scales; S. longibulla has a very large air bladder; S. papillolabra possesses a well-developed ventral fin and a wide band covered by fleshy papillae on the lower lip; and S. nigrovittata possesses black longitudinal stripes along the lateral line. Crossocheilus bamaensis and Crossocheilus liuchengensis are transferred to the genus Sinocrossocheilus. Sinocrossocheilus species are endemic to the central and eastern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China, where river systems are anfractuous, including seasonal rivers, cave rivers, underground rivers, and streamlets between mountains. These separated rivers probably provide conditions for the allopatric speciation of the Sinocrossocheilus. http://www.sinica.edu.tw/zool/zoolstud/42.3/420.pdf Key words: Taxonomy, Cyprinidae, Sinocrossocheilus, New species, China. T he genus Sinocrossocheilus Wu Pearl R. were referred to the genus Sinocrosso- (Cyprinidae), assigned to the subfamily cheilus in Su et al. (2000). Labeoninae (Chen et al. 1984) of the Cyprinidae, In 1999, we surveyed the river systems of was established in 1977. Sinocrossocheilus Guizhou Prov. and collected about 3000 fish speci- species are endemic to the Pearl and Yangtze mens. Upon identifying them, we found 3 Rivers of the central and eastern Yunnan-Guizhou Sinocrossocheilus species which had not been Plateau. The type species of the genus Sinocros- described or named. One of them was collected socheilus, S. guizhouensis Wu, was first reported in from the Cishui R. (a tributary of the Yangtze R.). the Wu R. (a tributary of the Yangtze R.) in Guizhou Specimens collected from the Dagou R. (a tribu- Prov. (Fig. 1). Sinocrossocheilus tridentis Chu and tary of the Pearl R.) represent another. The 3rd Cui (Chu and Cui 1987) was found in the Nanpan new species was found in the Sancha R. (a tribu- R. (upper reach of the Pearl R.) in eastern Yunnan tary of the Pearl R.). Specimens of the 4th new Prov. Sinocrossocheilus microstomatus (Wang species were from the Beipan R. (upper Pearl R.) and Chen 1989) was described from the Hongshui in Guizhou. R. (middle reach of the Pearl R.). Both Furthermore, the phylogenic status of Crossocheilus bamaensis (Fang 1981) and Sinocrossocheilus has not been ascertained. Wu Crossocheilus liuchengensis (Liang 1987) from the (1977) suggested that Sinocrossocheilus Wu is *To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Tel: 86-871-5196527. 420 Su et al. -- Taxonomic Review of Sinocrossocheilus 421 similar to Paracrossochilus Popta, which is distri- and Chen (1989). Specimens studied in this arti- buted in Borneo, but they differ in mouth characters. cle were deposited at the collection of the Kunming Baˇnaˇ rescu (1986) suggested that the 3 genera of Institute of Zoology (KIZ), Chinese Academy of Crossocheilus (Hasselt 1823), Epalzeorhynchos Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan. Some specimens of (Bleeker 1855), and Paracrossochilus form a S. guizhouensis, viewed in this article, were monophyletic lineage called the Crossocheilus- deposited at the collection of the Institute of group which may also include 3 East Asian genera Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sinocrossocheilus, Rectoris (Lin 1935), and Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Prov. Counts and mea- Pararectoris (Su et al. 2001), assigned to the sub- surements follow Chu and Chen (1989). The fol- family Labeoninae. Some similar characters among lowing abbreviations are used in table 1: lateral Sinocrossocheilus, Rectoris, and Pararectoris were line scales (LLS), scales below the lateral line presented in Su et al. (2001). However, their rela- (SBLL), scales over the lateral line (SOLL), predor- tionship can be determined and clarified only if sal scales (PreDS), caudal peduncle scales (CPS), their osteology and molecular biology are phylo- standard length (SL), body depth (BD), head genetically researched. length (HL), snout length (SNL), number of gill ra- The purpose of the present article was to kers on the outside of the 1st gill arch (GR), eye describe these new species, and provide a synop- diameter (ED), interorbital width (IW), predorsal sis for the genus. length (PreDL), caudal peduncle length (CPL), caudal peduncle depth (CPD), distance between ventral fin and anus (V-a), distance from ventral fin MATERIALS AND METHODS to anal fin (V-A), ventral fin length (V), pectoral fin length (P), mouth width (MW), maxillary barbels Because specimens of S. microstomatus (MB); rostral barbels (RB), width of band covered were not available for examination, data in this with fleshy papillae on lower lip (BW), and width of paper on that species were obtained from Wang central lobe of lower lip (CLW). Fig. 1. Maps showing the distributions of Sinocrossocheilus fishes in Asia. 422 Table 1. Morphometric and meristic characters of Sinocrossocheilus species Character Pearl River Yangtze River S. papillolabra S. tridentis S. nigrovittata S. longibulla S. bamaensis S. liuchengensis S. guizhouensis S. labiata LLS 43-46 41-43 40-42 39-42 41-42 42 39-42 42-45 SOLL 5-6 4-5 4-5 1-5 4-5 6 5-5.5 6.5 SBLL 4-5 4-5 5 5 4-5 4 4 3.5-4.5 PreDS 11-14 13-15 13 11-17 8-13 irregular 16-17 22 CPS 16 16-18 16 16 16 16 14 14-16 GR 15-20 19-25 14-17 17-18 19-22 13-15 10 Zoological Studies SL 86-104 106-127 81.5-97 88.5-104 76-139 64-67 66-79 45-75 BD 21-27 25-35 23-27.5 20.5-29.5 17-36 17 16.5-20.5 9-13 HL 16.5-22.5 21-26 17.5-21 19-21 16-24 14-15 14.5-18 10.5-16 SNL 7-10 9-11.5 8-9.5 8.5-10 7-10 5.5 7-9.5 4.5-7 IW 9-14 13-16 10-10.5 9-11 9-15 7-8 8-10.5 5-8.5 ED 4-5 4-5.5 3.5-5 4-5 4-4.5 3-3.5 3 2.5-4 42 (3): 420-430(2003) MW 6-9.5 8-10 6-7.5 6.5-9 8-10 4-5 6.5-8.5 4.2-7 CPL 11-19.5 17-22 17-17.5 16-20 13-28 11-12 10-15 7-12 CPD 9-13 13-15 12-15 12-14.5 10-19 7-8 8-10 6-8 PreDL 34-51 49-66 40-46 42.5-52.5 35-61 30.5-31.5 32.5-41 21-35 V-A 17-25 22-28 15-20 19-22 24.5-30.5 12.5-15.5 14-18.5 12-16 V-a 16-20 21-25 14-17 15.5-19.5 21.5-26.2 11.5-14 13-15.5 11.5-13.5 V 16-21 19-22 16-20 17.5-20.5 19.8-23 10-12.5 12-14.5 10-13 P 19-26 22-28 18-23.5 19.8-22 23-26 12-14 13-16.8 11.5-15.5 ED % of IW 33.3-45.5 (39.7) 28.6-39.3 (34.7) 35-48 (41.5) 36.4-50 (43.3) 26.7-30.8 (29.6) 42.9-53.3 (48) 28.6-37.5 (33.1) 40-66.7 (51.6) MB % of IW 21.5-29.2 (25.5) 18.8-29.2 (23.1) 30-38.1(34) 30.5-50 (43.1) 23.3-34.6 (31.6) 42.9-57.1 (48.6) 28.6-31.3 (30) 32.9-54.5 (41.3) RB % of IW 23.1-31(26.5) 17.8-26.3 (21.1) 20-21(20.5) 27.3-34.5 (30.2) 21.5-26.7 (24) 25-37.1 (31.6) 23.8-31.3 (27.6) 33.3-50 (39.7) MB % of ED 60-89 (80.8) 54.5-76 (63.5) 80-88.9 (85) 71.1-125 (100.2) 100-111 (102) 85.7-133.3 (108) 83.3-100 (92) 57.5-88.6 (73.4) BW % of ED 44.4-66.7 (57.5) 36-40 (38.1) 20-28.9 (25) 40-75 (51) 22.2-37.5 (28.4) 50-62.5 (55.1) 66.7 55-120 (94) CLW % of MW 63.2-75 (70.9) 64.8-72.2 (69) 66.7 50-61.5 (56.4) 65-75.8 (69) 60-75 (66.1) 58.8-61.5 (60.2) 62.5-76.9 (66.7) BW % of MW 25-35 (29.9) 19-21(20) 13.3-16.7 (15) 25-38.5 (30.1) 10.5-18.8 (13.2) 37.5-45 (41.4) 44.7-61.5 (53.1) 31.4-54.5 (48) Su et al.