II

III

IIIIIII

II

nasal cavity

II

Supra−laryngeal vocal tract velum oral cavity

pharynx tongue glottis larynx trachea
Subglottal system

II

lungs diaphragm

II

II

Impulse

train

generator

I

• u(k)
• y(k)

Vocal tract

Random noise
V/UV switch generator

I

( )
( )

• ( − ) + ( )
• ( ) =

=

II

( )
( ) = · ( )

IIII

• {
• }

=

• {
• }

=

I

→

• {
• }

=

III

I

( )

IIIIIIIIIII

→

II

IIII

IIII

IIIIIIIIII

III

II

IIIIII

I