_it E d e it Space 2030 s io w n TACKLING SOCIETY’S CHALLENGES Spaceo 2030 r In coming decades, governments will increasingly be confronted with enduring ly societal challenges, including threats to the physical environment and B n the management of natural resources and issues relating to major trends that will TACKLING SOCIETY’S shape society at large: growing mobility and its consequences, increasing security O e D concerns, and a gradual shift to the information society. CHALLENGES d l C u Tackling these challenges effectively will not be easy. It will require consistent, a sustained, co-ordinated efforts over long periods of time. Space can help E e e in this regard. Indeed, space technology offers inherent strengths, such as O R s non-intrusive, ubiquitous coverage, dissemination of information over broad areas, rapid deployment and global navigation capability. Space systems may be able n e A r to provide effective support to public action, if appropriate space applications that tu fully meet users’ needs can be developed in a timely manner. L e c SPACE 2030 SPACE This book explores what this contribution might be. It discusses the challenges for developing space applications. It assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the institutional, legal and regulatory frameworks that currently govern space activities in the OECD area and beyond. Finally, it formulates an overall policy framework that OECD governments might use in drafting policies designed to : ensure that the potential that space has to offer is actually realised. Challenges Society’s Tackling OECD’s books, periodicals and statistical databases are now available via www.SourceOECD.org, our online library. This book is available to subscribers to the following SourceOECD themes: Industry, Services and Trade General Economics and Future Studies Governance Science and Information Technology Ask your librarian for more details on how to access OECD books on line, or write to us at [email protected] www.oecd.org ISBN 92-64-00832-2 03 2005 01 1 P -:HSTCQE=UU]XW]: ��� � � � �� � �� � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � About OECD Browse_it editions In a traditional bookshop you can browse the display copies from cover-to-cover, free of charge. Wouldn’t it be good to be able to do the same online? Now you can. OECD’s Browse_it editions allow you to browse our books, online, from cover-to-cover. But, just as in a real bookshop where you can’t take or copy pages from the books on display, we’ve disabled the print and copy functions in our Browse-it editions - they’re read-only. 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If your institutional library does not yet subscribe to SourceOECD, tell your librarian about our free three-month trial offer. For more details about SourceOECD visit http://new.SourceOECD.org or email [email protected] itoryLibrariesineachMembercountrywhereallOECDprintedpublicationsareavailableforconsultation-www.oecd. org/deposoitorylibraries for a list. _it E d e it s io w n o r ly B n O e D d l C a u E e e O R s n e A r u L e c t TACKLING SOCIETY’SSpace CHALLENGES 2030 ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT _it E d e it ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION s io AND DEVELOPMENT w n o r The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work ly together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. B n The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments O e respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the D l information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation d provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to C a u common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and E e e international policies. O R s The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, n e A r Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, tu Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, L e c the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. Also available in French under the title: L’espace à l’horizon 2030 RELEVER LES DÉFIS DE LA SOCIÉTÉ DE DEMAIN © OECD 2005 No reproduction, copy, transmission or translation of this publication may be made without written permission. Applications should be sent to OECD Publishing: [email protected] or by fax (33 1) 45 24 13 91. Permission to photocopy a portion of this work should be addressed to the Centre français d'exploitation du droit de copie, 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France ([email protected]). FOREWORD _it E d e it s io w n o r ly B n Foreword O e D l This publication is the final report on a two-year OECD Futures Project devoted to the d commercialisation of space, the development of space infrastructure and the role to be C a u played by public and private actors (the Space Project). E e e The project was carried out over 2003-04 and involved 25 public and private O R s participants from the OECD area. It was launched in response to growing concern in many quarters that the potential contribution of space to the economy and society at n e A r large was not being fully exploited and that the topic would greatly benefit from policy u attention beyond the space community itself. It was felt that to support the policy L c t formulation process in OECD countries and beyond, there was a need for a forward- e looking, impartial analysis of the role space might play in future and of the actions needed to ensure that space contributes fully to economic and social development. It was further thought that, to ensure genuine impartiality and a fresh perspective, the analysis should be conducted by a “non-space” actor, i.e. by an organisation not traditionally associated with the space sector itself. Several factors made the OECD a particularly appropriate platform for this project. First, many OECD countries devote a significant amount of resources to space-related activities. Second, most of the key players, both public and private, are located in the OECD area. Third, space applications will increasingly concern domains where OECD governments have major interests beyond their traditional responsibilities for military and scientific fields (e.g. security, environment, education, health, communications and transport). Fourth, many of the policy issues raised by the future development of the space sector (e.g. regulation of markets, industrial and scientific policy, public and private governance) clearly fall within the OECD’s field of competence. Finally, as a non-space actor, as defined above, the OECD can act as an honest broker and offer an impartial forum for addressing space-related issues. Following extensive consultations in 2002 with leading public and private space actors, the OECD Secretariat formulated in October 2002 a project proposal that was used as the basic roadmap for the study. The project was conducted by a team in the OECD’s International Futures Programme (IFP), a forward-looking, multidisciplinary unit with a mandate to alert the Secretary-General and the Organisation to emerging issues by pinpointing major developments and analysing key long-term concerns, with a view to helping governments map strategy. The project provides a “non-space” assessment of the opportunities and challenges facing the space sector, particularly in terms of civil applications, and outlines what needs to be done to make its contribution to society at large as effective as possible. SPACE 2030 – ISBN 92-64-00832-2 – © OECD 2005 3 FOREWORD _it E d e it The analysis was broken down into five main phases: s io ● In the first two phases of the project, the current state of the space sector was w n examined and its possible future evolution under alternative scenarios explored, o with a view to identifying space applications that might be considered “promising” r y – from a societal perspective – over the long term. l B ● In the third phase of the project, an in-depth analysis of some of the applications n identified in the second phase was conducted in order to achieve a more concrete O e D appreciation of the factors – notably government action – that would be essential to l their success, as well as of the contribution such applications could make to society d C u at large.