INSET within Bhutan, 1996-1998 and the INSET Framework within Bhutan, 2000 – 2004/6. by DJ Laird TW Maxwell University of New England, Australia Wangpo Tenzin CAPSS, Education Division, RGoB & Sangay Jamtsho National Institute of Education, Bhutan INSET Project Report _________________________________________________________ i Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – INSET PROJECT 1996-1998 .................................................................. 1 Reconceptualisation of INSET ............................................................................................. 1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 7 BACKGROUND TO THE INSET PROJECT ........................................................................................ 8 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8 Project Brief.......................................................................................................................... 8 Rationale for Project Involvement ........................................................................................ 8 Project Questions .................................................................................................................. 9 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................... 11 Growth of School Systems in Developing Countries ......................................................... 11 Educational Change ............................................................................................................ 17 Pressure and Support .......................................................................................................... 18 CONTEXT OF INSET & SELECTED LITERATURE ....................................................................... 23 Historical Background ........................................................................................................ 23 Current Policies .................................................................................................................. 27 Selected Literature .............................................................................................................. 29 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 35 METHODOLOGY & DATA SAMPLE .......................................................................................... 36 Methodology....................................................................................................................... 36 Data sample ........................................................................................................................ 36 RESULTS .................................................................................................................................................. 39 Percentage........................................................................................................................... 40 Percentage........................................................................................................................... 41 Class Size............................................................................................................................ 41 Percentage........................................................................................................................... 41 CURRENT INSET PRACTICES .................................................................................................. 41 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 42 Budget Overview ................................................................................................................ 42 Teachers’ Current Concerns ............................................................................................... 45 Current NBIPs .................................................................................................................... 49 Current SBIP ...................................................................................................................... 58 Dzongkhag Based Inservice Programs ............................................................................... 63 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 64 THE IMPACT OF INSET ........................................................................................................... 64 National Based Inservice Program (NBIP) ........................................................................ 64 School Based Inservice Program (SBIP) ............................................................................ 72 IMPROVING INSET.................................................................................................................. 79 National Based Inservice Program (NBIP) ........................................................................ 80 School Based Inservice Program (SBIP) ............................................................................ 87 Other INSET Improvements ............................................................................................... 93 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 99 PRINCIPLES OF THE INSET FRAMEWORK ................................................................................ 102 Rationale for INSET ......................................................................................................... 102 Reconceptualisation of INSET ......................................................................................... 103 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 116 INSET Project Report _________________________________________________________ i ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................................... 118 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 120 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................................ 123 APPENDIX 1 - METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................. 123 APPENDIX 2 – ABBREVIATED RESEARCH MATRIX ............................................................... 129 APPENDIX 3 – INSET PROJECT QUESTIONNAIRE (ENGLISH)................................................ 131 APPENDIX 4 - INSET PROJECT QUESTIONNAIRE (DZONGKHA) ............................................ 139 APPENDIX 5 - IMPROVEMENT – ITEM FREQUENCIES AND RANKS ........................................ 147 APPENDIX 6 - SCENARIOS ..................................................................................................... 148 National Based Inservice Programs .................................................................................. 148 Responses to NBIPs ......................................................................................................... 150 Cluster-Based Inservice Activities ................................................................................... 152 INSET Director and Committee ....................................................................................... 153 APPENDIX 7 - INTERVIEW SCHEDULES.................................................................................. 156 APPENDIX 8 - QUESTIONNAIRE: DISTRICT EDUCATION OFFICERS ....................................... 160 APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................... 123 APPENDIX 1 – METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................... 123 APPENDIX 2 – ABBREVIATED RESEARCH MATRIX ......................................................... 129 APPENDIX 3 – INSET PROJECT QUESTIONNAIRE (ENGLISH) .......................................... 131 APPENDIX 4 – INSET PROJECT QUESTIONNAIRE (DZONGKHA) ..................................... 139 APPENDIX 5 – IMPROVEMENT – ITEM FREQUENCIES AND RANKS .................................. 147 APPENDIX 6 – SCENARIOS ............................................................................................... 148 National Based Inservice Programs ...................................................................... 148 Responses to NBIPs .............................................................................................. 150 Cluster-Based Inservice Activities ....................................................................... 152 INSET Director and Committee ........................................................................... 153 APPENDIX 7 – INTERVIEW SCHEDULES ........................................................................... 156 (i) Course Director and Resource Person Interview Schedule ........................... 156 (ii) Interview Schedule for Head Teachers ........................................................