Profil Environnemental : Région Anosy

Profil Environnemental : Région Anosy

ONE/MO/DOC/31/ANO - ANALYSE DIAGNOSTIC ENVIRONNEMENTALE - ENJEUX ENVIRONNEMENTAUX ET INDICATEURS 2006 ONE/MO/DOC/31/ANO 1 Région Anosy Décembre 2005 ONE/MO/DOC/31/ANO 3 S O M M A I R E S O M M A I R E .................................................................................................................................................... 3 LISTE DES TABLEAUX....................................................................................................................................... 5 LISTE DES CARTES............................................................................................................................................. 5 LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS............................................................................................................................... 6 I- INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................ 8 I.1- CONTEXTE DU DOCUMENT .................................................................................................................... 8 I.2- RAPPELS DES TERMES DE REFERENCE................................................................................................ 8 I.3- LES OBJECTIFS......................................................................................................................................... 8 I.4- LA METHODOLOGIE PRECONISEE......................................................................................................... 8 I.5- LES PRODUITS ATTENDUS ET LE CALENDRIER DE LIVRAISON ...................................................... 9 II DESCRIPTION DE LA REGION...................................................................................................................... 10 II.1- MILIEU PHYSIQUE ................................................................................................................................ 10 II.1.1- LES MASSIFS MONTAGNEUX ................................................................................................................ 10 II.1.2- LES COTES ........................................................................................................................................ 10 II.1.3- LE CLIMAT......................................................................................................................................... 10 II.1.4- LES RESSOURCES EN EAUX ................................................................................................................. 10 II.2- POPULATION ET DEMOGRAPHIE ....................................................................................................... 10 II.3- SANTE..................................................................................................................................................... 11 II.4- EDUCATION ........................................................................................................................................... 11 II.5- ACCES A L’EAU POTABLE..................................................................................................................... 11 II.6- ECONOMIE............................................................................................................................................. 11 II.6.1- SECTEUR AGRICULTURE ..................................................................................................................... 11 II.6.2- SECTEUR PECHE ................................................................................................................................ 12 II.6.3- SECTEUR TOURISME .......................................................................................................................... 12 II.6.4- SECTEUR INDUSTRIE ......................................................................................................................... 12 II.6.5- SECTEUR MINE.................................................................................................................................. 12 II.6.6- INFRASTRUCTURES ROUTIERES........................................................................................................... 13 III. ANALYSE DIAGNOSTIC ENVIRONNEMENTAL.......................................................................................... 14 III.1- LA BIODIVERSITE ET LES MILIEUX NATURELS.............................................................................. 14 III.1.1- ETAT ............................................................................................................................................... 14 III.1.1.1- Faune et flore ................................................................................................................ 14 III.1.1.2- Milieux naturels ............................................................................................................ 19 III.1.2- PRESSION ........................................................................................................................................ 21 III.1.2.1- Faune et flore ................................................................................................................ 21 III.1.3- REPONSES ....................................................................................................................................... 26 III.1.4- BILAN ENVIRONNEMENTAL ................................................................................................................ 31 III.1.5- OBJECTIFS DE REFERENCE ................................................................................................................ 32 III.2- LES POLLUTIONS ET LA QUALITE DES MILIEUX ........................................................................... 34 III.2.1- ETAT ............................................................................................................................................... 34 III.2.1.1- Air....................................................................................................................................... 34 III.2.1.2- Eaux .................................................................................................................................. 34 III.2.1.3- Sols.................................................................................................................................... 35 III.2.1.4- Déchets ............................................................................................................................ 36 III.2.2- PRESSION ........................................................................................................................................ 37 III.2.2.1- Air....................................................................................................................................... 37 III.2.2.2- Eaux .................................................................................................................................. 38 III.2.2.3- Sols.................................................................................................................................... 39 III.2.2.4- Déchets ............................................................................................................................ 41 III.2.3- REPONSES ....................................................................................................................................... 41 III.2.3.1- Air....................................................................................................................................... 41 III.2.3.2- Eaux .................................................................................................................................. 42 III.2.3.3- Sols.................................................................................................................................... 42 III.2.3.4- Déchets ............................................................................................................................ 44 III.2.4- BILAN ENVIRONNEMENTAL ................................................................................................................ 45 ONE/MO/DOC/31/ANO 4 III.2.5- OBJECTIFS DE REFERENCE ................................................................................................................ 48 III.3- LES RESSOURCES NATURELLES ....................................................................................................... 49 III.3.1- ETAT ............................................................................................................................................... 49 III.3.1.1- Eau..................................................................................................................................... 49 Eau pour les irrigations ................................................................................................................................. 50 III.3.1.2- Sols et espaces.............................................................................................................. 50 III.3.1.3- Energie et matières premières................................................................................ 50 III.3.1.4- Mines ................................................................................................................................ 51 III.3.2- PRESSION .......................................................................................................................................

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